Why is Global Population Increasing? Chapter 2 Key Issue 2

Key Issue 2- Where has the worlds population increased? Geographers can measure this 3 ways –Crude Birth Rate- total birth rate compared to 1000, so 20 would mean 20 births per year for every 1000 –Crude Death Rate- Deaths every year per 1000, What happens when the death rate is faster then the birth rate? How about the opposite? –Natural Increase Rate- CBR-CDR

Crude Birth Rate Total birth rate compared to 1000, so 20 would mean 20 births per year for every 1000

Crude Death Rates Fig. 2-9: The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the number of children an average woman in a society will have through her childbearing years. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest are in Africa and parts of the Middle East. Deaths every year per 1000, What happens when the death rate is faster then the birth rate? How about the opposite?

Natural Increase Rates Fig. 2-7: The natural increase rate (NIR) is the percentage growth or decline in the population of a country per year (not including net migration). Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the highest current rates, while Russia and some European countries have negative rates.

Natural Increase Rate NIR 1.2 % per year –Most of the world’s additional people live in countries that are least able to maintain them. Doubling Time –the % of time it takes to double the population in the 60s- 35 years years what does this tell us? Virtually 100% of the Natural Increase is located in the LDC, WHY?

World Population Growth Fig. 2-6: Total world population increased from 2.5 to over 6 billion in slightly over 50 years. The natural increase rate peaked in the early 1960s and has declined since, but the number of people added each year did not peak until 1990.

Total Fertility Rate- # of children a woman will have in her lifetime

Total Fertility Rate –Fertility – this is ~2.7 for the world today, but varies greatly by region with many sub-Saharan countries exceeding 6 compared to less than 2 in nearly every European country. –The average amount children a women will have throughout her life For the world its around 3, In Africa its above 6- in the U.S. lower then 1

Fig. 2-11: Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. The highest life expectancies are generally in the wealthiest countries, and the lowest in the poorest countries. Life Expectancy at birth

Mortality –Life expectancy (at birth measures the average number of years a newborn can expect to live)

Fig. 2-10: The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births per year. The highest infant mortality rates are found in some of the poorest countries of Africa and Asia. Infant Mortality Rates

Mortality –Life expectancy (at birth measures the average number of years a newborn can expect to live) –Infant Mortality Rate- deaths of infants within one year, per 1000 people –In LDC’s 10%, In MDC’s considerable different U.S. has a high rate compared to Europe and Canada- Minorities in the states have double the likelihood compared to Latin America and Asia –This is attributed that there is a large portion of Minorities that cannot afford good health care, Do you think the new health care bill will help this? Life expectancy- the average life of an infant- 70’s in W. Europe, 40s in Sub-Sahara Africa What happens when the LDC are living longer then the MDC

Replacement and Mortality Replacement level fertility- replace the pop –Zero-Pop- Growth- =0 Rate of natural increase- CBR-CDR/10 –Roughly 1.2%- Around 50 years –Doubling Time- the % of time it takes to double the population, in the 60s- 35 years years what does this tell us? –Doubling rate and the rule of 70 –Can differ in Pronatalist Populations