2 1 Montezuma Quail ART

“Bird-Man of Lascaux” (17,000 yrs ago)

ART Egypt Cambodia 21 Australia

ART 22 Inca 23 Aztec

18 Pacific Northwest Inuit 24 Navajo 25 ART

DANCE Choctaw Eagle Dance 26 Taos Eagle Dance 27

DANCE 31 “Swan Lake”

LITERATURE

28 LITERATURE 29

FILMS 31 43

CARTOONS 32

9 10 Great Auk FOOD 8 Neanderthal (50,000-90,000 yrs ago)

First Duck Decoys (3,500 to 1,000 years ago) FOOD (Lovelock Cave, Nevada) 11

FOOD Chicken Domestication: India: 3200 B.C. Egypt: 1500 B.C. (Red Junglefowl) 20

FOOD Cortes Expedition (1519)

“Ornithology” – Study of Birds 3

Aristotle (324 – 322 BC) 4

5 6 Aristotle: Nest Parasitism European Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus)

Aristotle: Migration 7

“THE ART OF FALCONRY” Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1248)

Christopher Columbus (1492) Oct. 8 – There were many small Land-birds and {the sailors] took one which was flying to the south-west. There were jays, ducks, and a pelican. (Observations in the Bahamas)

Cabeza de Vaca (1528) (Observations in Florida) “Geese in great numbers. Ducks, mallards, royal ducks, flycatchers, night herons and Partridges abound. We saw many falcons, Gerfalcons, sparrowhawks, merlins”

Castenada ( ) Observed turkeys and eagles in Arizona Observed cranes, geese, crows, and blackbirds in New Mexico (Coronado Expedition)

John White (1585) (Roanoke, VA Colony) 34 Paints series of watercolors of birds (not shown)

William Bradford ( ) (Governor of Plymouth, MA colony) 33 Noted abundant wild turkey and waterfowl populations in 1621, decreases in waterfowl populations’ thereafter.

35 36 “The Ornithology of Francis Willughby” Francis Willughby (1678)

37 “The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands” Mark Catesby ( ; )

Eagle proposed as Official Symbol of the United States (1776)

38 39 Alexander Wilson (early 1800s) “American Ornithology” (8 volumes) *320 Species of American Birds on 76 Plates (Crowded) *Detailed observations, notes on colors of fresh specimens, etc.

Wilson’s Warbler 50

John James Audubon ( ) “Birds of America”(4 Volumes, 435 Engravings) Birds painted from fresh specimens Birds often painted in habitat context

51 52 Audubon’s Oriole Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Audubon’s Warbler)

44 45 Lewis and Clark Expedition (Early 1800s)

46 47 Lewis and Clark (Continued)

48 49 Lewis’s WoodpeckerClark’s Nutcracker

Additional Expeditions West (1800s) 53 52

55 Baird’s Sparrow Cassin’s Finch 54

American Ornithological Union (AOU) 56 (National Organization formed in 1883 by 23 men) Committee on Bird Migration Committee on Classification and Nomenclature Committee on Conservation Publish “The Auk”

61 AOU: Large Scale Collection of Census Data

69 70 AOU: Bird Banding

57 58 “Clark’s Grebe”“Western Grebe” OR AOU Decision

“Green Heron”, “Green-Backed Heron” “Northern Oriole”, “Baltimore Oriole” AOU Decision

62 AOU: Concern over Bird Population Decline Passenger Pigeon Carolina Parakeet

Audubon Society (Formed in late 1800s) 63 Similar to AOU Emphasis on Local Chapters Focus on Public Awareness Sponsor Christmas Bird Count Publish Audubon Magazine

64 65 Feather Ornamentation

66 Field Guides (Early 1900s) 68

67 Emphasis on Key Characteristics

Ornithology as an Academic Pursuit (Early 1900s) 71

Speciation

74 Intraspecific Competition

Interspecific Competition, Niche Partitioning

Breeding Systems

Cooperative Breeding

Class Aves (Birds) ~ 9700 Species Worldwide ~31 Orders ~ 175 Families

Order Sphenisciformes (Penguins) Emperor Penguins dive up to 1600 ft and hold breaths for up to 15 minutes

77 Order Opisthocomiformres Young hoatzins have claws for climbing trees Hoatzins have “ruminant guts” for digesting food

Order Caprimulgiformes OIlbirds use echolocation to navigate within caves

Order Charadriiformes Arctic Terns migrate 22,000 miles from pole to pole

Order Falconiformes Peregrine falcons can fly mph!

Order Falconiformes Ruppell’s Vulture can soar up to 37,000 ft

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