Motivating English Farmers to Action / Motivera engelska bönder till åtgärder Catchment Sensitive Farming Bob Middleton Natural England

Agricultural Diffuse Pollution in England Diffusa utsläpp från jordbruket i England

Diffuse - agriculture Number of water bodies Land Drainage Water storage/ supply Abstraction Urbanisation Flood Protection Reasons for Failure CSO Barrier s Wider environ ment Mines Mixed urban runoff 0 Light colour = suspected Dark colour = confirmed Recreation Fin fisheries Inland navigation sewage works Coastal Erosion Shell fisheries

Diffuse - agriculture Number of water bodies Land Drainage Water storage/ supply Abstraction Urbanisation Flood Protection Reasons for Failure CSO Barrier s Wider environ ment Mines Mixed urban runoff 0 Light colour = suspected Dark colour = confirmed Recreation Fin fisheries Inland navigation sewage works Coastal Erosion Shell fisheries

Diffuse - agriculture Number of water bodies Land Drainage Water storage/ supply Abstraction Urbanisation Flood Protection Reasons for Failure CSO Barrier s Wider environ ment Mines Mixed urban runoff 0 Light colour = suspected Dark colour = confirmed Recreation Fin fisheries Inland navigation sewage works Coastal Erosion Shell fisheries 75% of sediment, 50-60% of nitrate 20-30% of phosphorus from agriculture

What are we doing about it? Vad gör vi åt det?

7 Minimum Requirements (Basic Measures) Minimikrav (grundläggande åtgärder) Additional Incentives Ytterligare incitament Jordbruket och Vatten Miljö

8 Voluntary Action by Farmers Frivilliga insatser av jordbrukare

CSF started in 2006 we are working on a new phase of work from CSF works in 77 catchments: 66 CSFO led 11 led by partners We work in the highest priority catchments only focussed on WFD Protected Areas and areas protected for biodiversity. Approaches in each catchment are tailored to the local circumstances. 2015/16 budget: £39.5m CSF startade CSF arbetar i 77 upptagningsområden : 66 st leds av CSFO: 11 st leds av partner Vi arbetar i de mest prioriterade avrinningsområdena bara fokuserade på vattendirektivet skyddade områden och skyddade områden för biologisk mångfald. Tillvägagångssätt i varje avrinningsområde är anpassade till lokala förhållanden Budget 2015/16 : ca 500 milj SEK

Catchment Sensitive Farming Technical training and advice delivered directly or by contractors Teknisk utbildning och rådgivning levereras direkt eller genom entreprenörer

Catchment Sensitive Farming Grants for infrastructure adaptations Bidrag för anpassningar av infrastruktur

Catchment Sensitive Farming Grants for infrastructure adaptations Bidrag för anpassningar av infrastruktur

Catchment Sensitive Farming Markhanterings överenskommel ser Land Management Agreements

What CSF has achieved?/Vad CSF har uppnått ?

Reductions in pollution: pollutant loads/ Föroreningsminskningar: föroreningsnivåer Reduce agricultural pollutant losses 4 -12%. Equates to in-river pollutant reductions of 3 -7 %. Most effective for sediment <36%. CSF is making a significant contribution to meeting WFD and biodiversity targets. Real reductions in pesticide loads

Groundwater assessment CSF should make a significant contribution to nitrate reductions 48% of groundwater sites showing decreasing trends post-CSF Reductions in pollution: groundwaters/ Föroreningsminskningar: grundvatten

Assessment of EA habitat data across 62 CSF catchments. Examined trends in ecological status Evidence of improved ecological status following CSF activity, particularly at more polluted sites. The strongest response was evident for PSI –metric of sediment stress Ecological responses

Significant benefits for fisheries, soils, hazards, climate & water supply Potential to enhance targeting to maximise benefits, but local context is critical Other Benefits

62% uptake of measures Affected by time, cost, farm type, location & nature of advice 46% uptake within 3 years vs. 70% uptake at 4+ years 71% uptake of cost- saving vs. 56% uptake of net-cost measures Advice Uptake/Genomslag för rådgivning

Motivating farmers to take action Motivera bönder att vidta åtgärder

All farmers: 58% are aware of CSF Of those farmers engaged by CSF: 90% trust their CSFO 90% indicate their understanding of water pollution has improved Farmer awareness Farmer Awareness/Kännedom hos lantbrukare

Motivating farmers/ Motivera lantbrukare 67% engaged farmers motivated to reduce water pollution Key drivers for action: free advice, expertise & soil analysis capital grant scheme help with nutrient and fertiliser management plans CSF has allowed farmers to: implement planned changes keep up with existing, or ahead of future potential, regulations

Individual farmer Group of farmers Wider community groups inc farmers Social Mechanisms GOOD BAD UGLY Social Relationships & Resources Social Outcomes Environmental Outcomes depend on Social Outcomes We need the evidence to prioritise the most effective Social Mechanisms Social Situation Motivating farmers: social relations Motivera lantbrukare : sociala relationer

Characterising Farmers/karakterisera jordbrukare

Characterising farmers/Karaktärisera lantbrukare

‘Hard to Reach’ Farmers Socially isolated Suspicious Reluctant to meet new people ‘Victim Status’ May be older, may be illiterate, may suffer dementia Often stressed; may be suicidal ‘Hard to Reach’ Farmers Socially isolated Suspicious Reluctant to meet new people ‘Victim Status’ May be older, may be illiterate, may suffer dementia Often stressed; may be suicidal Characterising farmers/ Karaktärisera lantbrukare

How do we motivate farmers?/ Hur kan vi motivera lantbrukare? Understand the farmers we are working with. Strategies to engage hard to reach farmers. Tailor our offer the farmer’s interests. Talk about local issues supported by local evidence. Build trust through personal trust. Fit our work to farmers’ needs. Learn from everyone. Source: LEAF

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