Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Safety for Chemistry Department Teaching Assistant May 2012

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Objectives To become familiar with OSHA regulations related to laboratories including the OSHA Lab Standard and the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard To become familiar with sources of chemical information including Material Safety Data Sheets and proper chemical labeling To become familiar with ways to detect and protect from chemical hazards To become familiar with proper fume hood practices To become familiar with emergency procedures including fire extinguisher use

Objectives To recognize hazardous wasteTo recognize hazardous waste To know Tulane University’s Policies concerning hazardous wasteTo know Tulane University’s Policies concerning hazardous waste To know how to properly label hazardous wasteTo know how to properly label hazardous waste To know how to store hazardous wasteTo know how to store hazardous waste To know how to minimize hazardous wasteTo know how to minimize hazardous waste

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Office of Environmental Health & Safety WEBSITE

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OEHS Website Topics These are some of the topics and links that can be found on the OEHS website: Material Safety Data Sheets Chemical Safety Hazardous Materials & Waste Fire Safety Departmental Safety Representatives Biological Safety Laser Safety Radiation Safety Ergonomics General Safety OEHS Policies & Procedures Manual

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OEHS Website – Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Link Material Safety Data Sheets are available on the OEHS website under the following link : tydatasheets.cfm tydatasheets.cfm MSDSs are documents provided by the manufacturer that tell you about a chemical and how to protect yourself

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OEHS Website - Chemical Safety Link This is some of the information available under the Chemical Safety link of the OEHS website: Annual Lab Safety Documentation Forms OSHA Formaldehyde Standard Guide OSHA Hazard Communication Standard Guide OSHA Lab Standard/Chemical Hygiene Plan Guide Incompatible Chemical List Lab Hoods Lab Door Labels Compressed Gas Cylinders Ethyl Ether

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Prudent Practices in the Laboratory National Research Council This is an excellent, highly recommended reference of laboratory safety information- now available online at

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories Less is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction Publications from the American Chemical Society - Available online at mittees/chemicalsafety/publications/WPCP_ mittees/chemicalsafety/publications/WPCP_ mittees/chemicalsafety/publications/WPCP_012290

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary The Merck Index Chemical Abstracts These are additional sources of chemical safety information.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Regulatory Websites These sites contain safety information and references to regulations. Some, like OSHA, even provide online training on various topics. – Occupational Safety and Health Administration websitewww.osha.gov – Environmental Protection Agency websitewww.epa.gov – bioterrorism site of Centers for Disease Controlwww.bt.cdc.gov - Centers for Disease Control/ NIOSH websitewww.cdc.gov/niosh – Department of Transportation websitewww.dot.gov

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD 29 CFR

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD The OSHA “Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories” Standard, or Laboratory Standard for short, requires employers to protect laboratory workers from health hazards associated with chemical exposure in the laboratory.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN (CHP) A requirement of the OSHA Lab Standard is for all employers that have laboratories to develop a written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP). Tulane’s CHP is located in the Laboratory Safety section of the OEHS Policies & Procedures Manual which can be found at the OEHS website,

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN (CHP) Tulane’s CHP is a generic plan covering the many different types of laboratories at Tulane. It is to be supplemented by annually updated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) developed by laboratory supervisors/principal investigators discussing safety practices and procedures specific to the laboratory.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER (CHO) The Lab Standard also requires each employer with laboratories to appoint a Chemical Hygiene Officer. The certified CHO for Tulane University is Pam Fatland of OEHS.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION (HAZCOM) STANDARD 29 CFR

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD States You Have a “Right to Know” about Chemical Hazards in the Workplace and How to Protect Yourself Tulane has a Written Hazard Communication Plan located in Section 12 of the OEHS Policies and Procedures Manual found at ( A Supervisor’s Guide to the OSHA Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Standard is available at

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD Under the OSHA HAZCOM standard, manufacturers of chemicals are required to evaluate the hazards of the chemicals they produce and transmit that information to customers on labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Become Familiar with Chemicals in Your Laboratory Chemical Inventory Container Labels Laboratory Door Signs Material Safety Data Sheets Reference Materials Training

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) PURPOSE OF UPDATING CHEMICAL INVENTORY To verify that you have Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) you need in the work area and that OEHS library of MSDSs is complete Emergency Responders need inventory for emergencies, such as fires and spills, and for planning purposes To perform a hazard evaluation of the area, obtain appropriate PPE, verify proper storage and that containers are in good condition and not expired

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) PURPOSE OF UPDATING CHEMICAL INVENTORY Tulane is required to report inventory to local, state, and federal agencies such as the EPA, the State Police, and the Fire Department Fees based on the inventory must be paid to regulatory agencies (Example: City of New Orleans Hazardous Materials Tax which helps to support the Fire Dept’s HAZMAT unit)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL LABELS – Required Information Full Chemical Name Physical and Health Hazards (Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic) Manufacturer Name/Address/Phone Number (on incoming containers)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL LABELS – Required Information Labels are required on all incoming containers, all transfer containers that will be left for a period of time, and on all containers that will be used by more than one person You can label an entire shelf instead of each individual container if all containers on the shelf contain the same thing (Ex. specimen containers of ethanol) Labels must be legible, in English with the full name of the chemical spelled out (no symbols or abbreviations)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL LABELS – Required Information The purpose of labeling is to identify the material and to become aware of the hazards and the methods of protection Sometimes OSHA requires special wording to appear on the label of certain chemicals or at the entrance to a regulated area (Ex. Formaldehyde containers must say “Irritant and Potential Cancer Hazard”)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) More Chemical Label Information Sometimes labels contain other information that serve to enhance the hazard warnings and identify means of protection: Signal Word (e.g., Danger, Warning, Caution) First Aid Procedures Handling & Storage (e.g., Avoid contact with Acids) Special Instructions (e.g., Keep out of reach of children, Use with adequate ventilation)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Chemical Labeling Systems Optional information which may be found on a container label: The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) uses a color- coded diamond with a numerical rating system to identify the degree of health (blue), fire (red), or reactivity (yellow) hazards associated with a chemical in a fire situation. A zero means minimal hazards whereas a four indicates severe hazards.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Chemical Labeling Systems Optional information which may be found on a container label: The National Paint and Coatings Association uses the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS), a similar system of labeling which rates chemicals from zero to four on their health (blue), flammability (red), reactivity (yellow), and also gives personal protective equipment designations.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Improper Labeling

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Improper Labeling - Abbreviations

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) LABORATORY DOOR SIGNS Signage for laboratory doors stating the hazards found in the lab and emergency contact information are available from OEHS Door sign request forms available on OEHS website at – form can also be used for updates of current signs Signs contain stickers relating to hazards found in that laboratory (Example: Flammable, Corrosive, Water Reactive) Signs also contain authorized admittance/emergency contact information which should be used before entering a lab or during an emergency to contact appropriate personnel Copies of signage forms are kept in OEHS for emergency response purposes

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) DEFINITIONS Familiarize yourself with terms found on chemical labels/MSDSs MSDS HyperGlossary -

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) DEFINITIONS CARCINOGEN - Can cause cancer CORROSIVE - Can cause destruction of living tissue (e.g., acids, caustics) EXPLOSIVE - Can cause release of pressure, gas, and heat FLAMMABLE - Can burn when ignition source and air are present

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) DEFINITIONS IRRITANT - Can cause reversible inflammatory effect (e.g., eyes water, itching) OXIDIZER - Promotes combustion = oxygen SENSITIZER - Can cause an allergic reaction in some people TOXIC - Can cause health effect

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Physical Hazards Flammable Combustible Oxidizer Organic Peroxide Water Reactive Explosive Reactive Pyrophoric Compressed gas Radioactive

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Health Hazards Irritant Sensitizer Corrosive Toxic – Acute, Chronic Carcinogen Reproductive Toxin

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) ROUTES OF ENTRY Chemicals can enter the body in a number of ways. Depending on how the chemical enters the body, you may need respiratory protection, skin protection such as gloves or aprons, or face and eye protection such as face shields and goggles. INHALATION = Nose INGESTION = Mouth SKIN CONTACT = Skin, Eyes INJECTION = Skin (subcutaneous vs. dermal)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDSs) MSDSs are documents that inform you of the hazards associated with a chemical and how to protect yourself from those hazards MSDSs must be readily accessible to employees in the work area where the chemicals are used Each company publishes its own MSDSs with their address and emergency contact information. Thus if you have a chemical such as acetone from two different manufacturers, you will need an MSDS from each company

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDSs) (The following are types of information that can be found on an MSDS) Identity Ingredients Physical Properties Hazards *Physical *Health Precautions Storage Control Measures Disposal Spills Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS - ACQUISITION Manufacturers are required to ship MSDSs to Tulane with the first shipment of a chemical OEHS maintains a hard-copy library of all MSDSs received from the manufacturers and all chemicals listed on the inventories that are submitted. The OEHS library of MSDSs is kept at the OEHS office downtown MSDSs are also available on the OEHS website at The OEHS website/MSDS link also contains FAX numbers for common chemical manufacturers Contact OEHS if you have trouble finding an MSDS that you need

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS – ACQUISITION Ways to Obtain MSDSs at Tulane: On OEHS Website at the following link: Online MSDS collections Online Manufacturer Links Manufacturer FAX numbers Other University Websites OEHS Library of hard copies of MSDSs

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) ELECTRONIC MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS OSHA recognizes that MSDSs can be kept electronically in the work area, if all of these criteria are met: All employees must be trained on how to obtain MSDSs You must be able to print MSDSs You must have an alternative to obtaining MSDSs in the event of power loss or other emergency (Contact OEHS – Library of MSDSs)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD TRAINING & INFORMATION TOPICS The OSHA Lab Standard States that you must be familiar with the following: Methods to detect hazardous chemicals in the work area Signs and symptoms of exposure to chemicals Methods to reduce exposure Physical & health hazards of chemicals used in the work area PPE and emergency procedures CHP/SOPs & reference materials

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD Detecting Hazardous Chemicals Permissible Exposure Limits Signs & symptoms of exposure to chemicals Odors/Leaks/Spills Monitoring exposure

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL There are three main ways to control exposure to chemicals: Engineering Controls (usually consists of ventilation, safety showers/eyewash units, etc.) Work Practices (handling, storage, housekeeping, etc.) Personal Protective Equipment (gloves, eye/face protection, etc.)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL FUME HOODS Designed to protect the worker from toxic or hazardous chemicals 100% of air exhausted to outside No recirculation of air Baffles in back should adjust for work with chemicals of different volatilities and vapor densities

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL FUME HOODS All chemical fume hoods at Tulane must have an alarm or airflow indicator device on them to show that they are operating properly Most chemical fume hoods should have a face velocity in the range of fpm

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Fume Hood Alarm

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CHEMICAL FUME HOODS Do not assume that your fume hood is operating properly. Check the alarm indicator. At the very least, use a piece of tissue paper and make sure it is drawn inward. IF NOT OPERATING PROPERLY, DISCONTINUE WORK WITH HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC CHEMICALS!

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Keep the sash as low as possible Work at least 6 inches inside hood Keep work surface clear of unnecessary items Keep baffles clear of obstructions – elevate large equipment off work surface

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Avoid rapid movement into and in front of hood Pedestrian traffic in front of hood creates turbulence and can pull vapors out of hood and into operator’s breathing zone

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Keep the amount of material in a hood to a minimum – excessive clutter increases turbulence and reduces hood efficiency An airfoil helps to minimize undesirable turbulence when air entering the hood impacts the front edge of the floor of the hood – be sure airfoil is installed and side panels are in place

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Secure loose lightweight objects such as paper towels Run water in hood drains often to reduce odors that may develop in p-trap Ensure adequate illumination in hood Be aware that opening and closing lab doors can affect hood performance

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Keep the sash clean and unobstructed Place cords and hoses under the airfoil so sash can be kept closed Practice good housekeeping Clean chemical residues and spills from interior hood surfaces

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) FUME HOOD SAFETY TIPS Do not place absorbent paper under heating appliances Do not place incompatible chemicals together Remember – the emptier the hood, the better air currents can flow through it! Do not use hood as storage cabinet.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) CANOPY VENTILATION May be 100% Exhausted to outside, but not recommended for chemical use Draws fumes past worker’s breathing zone Best used for heat removal such as in a kitchen

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – EYEWASHES/SHOWERS Eyewash fountains are required in work areas where formaldehyde, irritants, or corrosive chemicals are used and there is the potential for a splash to the eye. Eyewashes must be tested weekly by the laboratory personnel. Showers must be tested at least annually by Facilities Services.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – EYEWASHES/SHOWERS Emergency showers/eyewashes must be readily accessible, clear of obstructions, and clearly labeled.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES Laboratory technique is important in minimizing exposure to hazardous chemicals. There is no substitute for adequate planning and knowledge when using hazardous materials.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES Practice good housekeeping. Maintain aisles/uncluttered work areas. Properly store &handle chemicals. Substitute less hazardous materials when possible (such as non-mercury thermometers). Scale down experiments. Use secondary containment. Use good chemical hygiene practices.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Poor Housekeeping

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES Obtaining Chemicals Transporting Chemicals Storing Chemicals Minimizing Exposure Proper Labeling

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES CHEMICAL STORAGE Minimize purchases; order only what is needed Avoid storing on floor and in fume hood; use secondary containment Keep containers capped and properly labeled Practice good housekeeping Use shelves with lips, flammable cabinets if available Segregate by hazard class Dispose of deteriorating, old, or unneeded chemicals

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES GAS STORAGE Properly secure gas cylinders Make sure cylinders have protective cap in place unless attached to a regulator

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – WORK PRACTICES TOXIC/HIGH RISK CHEMICALS Use in a designated area Use containment devices such as a fume hood Dispose of waste properly Decontaminate work area Have an emergency plan

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) PPE is used as a final alternative in the event that engineering controls and work practices do not adequately prevent exposure to chemicals. PPE must be adequate for the substance being handled and must be available in different sizes/styles (i.e., powdered & unpowdered gloves).

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PPE must be inspected to make sure it is in good condition. Personnel must be trained on PPE, how and when to use it, how to maintain and store it, etc.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) A Dartmouth researcher got one drop of dimethylmercury on her latex glove and died from the exposure. Latex was not appropriate for protection for work with dimethylmercury. Latex or PVC gloves are not suitable for direct contact with corrosive or highly toxic chemicals. Glove permeability charts are available from glove manufacturers to help you decide which type of glove is appropriate for use with different chemicals. Contact OEHS for more information or if you have questions.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) If gloves are reusable, clean and inspect them after use. Store them in a manner in which they will not become torn or damaged. If gloves are disposable, or if they are torn or in poor condition, dispose of them in appropriate trash container. Do not throw on floor or leave dirty gloves on counters.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Respirators require a medical evaluation and annual fit-testing. Respirators should only be used if engineering and work practice controls cannot adequately control a chemical exposure. Contact OEHS immediately if you feel a respirator may be needed in your area.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Respirators require adherence to a strict respiratory protection program. When requested, OEHS will monitor area to help determine if respirators may be required. In most cases, exposure to chemicals can be controlled by alternative methods.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Regular prescription eyeglasses do not take the place of safety glasses or goggles. The American Chemical Society has taken the position that contact lenses may be worn in the laboratory as long as appropriate eye protection such as safety glasses or goggles, as required of other workers in the laboratory, is also worn.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Safety glasses and goggles should be stored in a manner in which they will not become dirty or scratched, such as in a drawer or cabinet, or in a plastic bag. They should not be left on the counter or hung by their straps.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EXPOSURE CONTROL – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) In addition to wearing suitable PPE, a laboratory worker must also dress appropriately for their work. For example, sandals/flip-flops, shorts, and tops with exposed midriffs are inappropriate attire for laboratory work with hazardous materials.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EMERGENCY PROCEDURES In the event of an emergency: Evacuate the area Contact Public Safety and OEHS immediately Be familiar with your Emergency Action Plan (EAP) – evacuation policy, procedures, and escape routes – see your Departmental Safety Representative for more information

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EMERGENCY PROCEDURES – FIRE SUPPRESSION Before using a fire extinguisher: Make sure you have an unobstructed escape route at your back Fire should be small, confined, and not spreading (e.g., trash can fire) Know that the extinguisher is the right type for the job Know how to use an extinguisher

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EMERGENCY PROCEDURES – FIRE SUPPRESSION To use a portable fire extinguisher, remember PASS: Pull the pin Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire Squeeze the handles Sweep from side to side

OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD EMERGENCY PROCEDURES – FIRE RESPONSE HOW TO RESPOND TO A FIRE IN YOUR AREA FOLLOW THE ACRONYM, E S C A P E E = EVALUATE the situation S = SECURE THE AREA – Remove occupants C = CLOSE THE DOORS to contain the fire A = ACTIVATE THE FIRE ALARM – use the nearest pull station P = PHONE THE DESIGNATED EMERGENCY NUMBER Uptown Campus – dial or X5200 E = EXTINGUISH THE FIRE – using a portable fire extinguisher, if you determine it is safe to do so (fire is small and not spreading, fire doesn’t come between you and the exit, etc.) Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

BUILDING BLOCKS OF LABORATORY SAFETY Make safety a top priority Make information available and accessible (MSDSs, safety literature, etc.) Use equipment appropriate for the task Be watchful during experiments – be ready for unexpected events Substitute less hazardous substances when possible, or use other methods such as robotics

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) BUILDING BLOCKS OF LABORATORY SAFETY Avoid close calls and doing something “just this once” Do not procrastinate (get equipment repaired, buy needed PPE, etc.)

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

What is a Hazardous Waste? Characteristic Waste: A substance that meets the EPA classification(s) for any or all of the following characteristics (40 CFR §261 Subpart C); Ignitability Corrosivity Reactivity Toxicity Items received with hazardous shipping labels will most likely become hazardous waste Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

What Is A Hazardous Waste? Listed Waste: Waste that the EPA has listed as “hazardous” regardless of its physical characteristics. Commercial Chemical Products ( P and U Lists) –P- List (40 CFR §261.33(e)): “acutely hazardous” wastes (e.g. physostigmine, sodium azide, strychnine) –U-List (40 CFR §261.33(f)): “non-acutely hazardous” wastes (e.g. formaldehyde, xylene, toluene) Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

P and U Lists P-Listed wastes are highly toxic; could be or are fatal to humans and animals in low doses U-Listed wastes are toxic, but not considered acutely toxic; carcinogens, mutagens, materials that bioaccumulate –Chemicals on the P and U lists are generally “toxic” but can also be ignitable, corrosive, and reactive Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

What is a Hazardous Waste? Listed Waste Cont’d: Process Wastes: Wastes from various sources that EPA has determined should be regulated as “hazardous.” ( F and K lists) –F- List (40 CFR §261.31) : wastes from non-specific sources (e.g. spent solvents) –K-List (40 CFR §261.32) : industry specific wastes Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

How Do I Know if my Waste is “Hazardous?” Properly characterizing waste streams can be a complicated process, and must be done accurately to ensure that waste is properly treated and disposed. Please contact Hazardous Waste Specialist, Michael Kopaigorodsky (504) , for questions regarding whether or not your waste is “hazardous.” Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

What Is A Hazardous Waste? Check the Material Safety Data Sheet to help determine if your waste chemical is a hazardous waste Check the Material Safety Data Sheet to help determine if your waste chemical is a hazardous waste Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

What Is Hazardous Waste? FlammableFlammable Flashpoint (<140 F)Flashpoint (<140 F) Corrosive, Acid, Basic, Caustic (pH 2.5)Corrosive, Acid, Basic, Caustic (pH 2.5) ExplosiveExplosive Stench AgentStench Agent OxidizerOxidizer Water or air Reactive, Pyrophoric, Peroxide FormerWater or air Reactive, Pyrophoric, Peroxide Former PoisonPoison Any of these keywords usually indicate the waste materials will be hazardous waste: Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Empty Containers Generally speaking, empty containers are not considered “Hazardous Waste” and may thrown away with regular solid waste or in a glass disposal box only after the label has been removed or defaced.

Rinsing Empty Containers However, empty containers that previously held “acutely hazardous waste” (P-listed waste) must be triple-rinsed with an appropriate solvent before disposal. The solvent must then be disposed of as a “Hazardous Waste.” Contact the OEHS (504) , to determine if you are working with any “acutely hazardous” materials. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Accumulating “Hazardous Waste” Capture waste in rigid containers that are compatible with the waste. Keep all containers closed (capped) except when hazardous waste is being added to them. Do not store incompatible wastes together. Outer containers should be clean and free of residue

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Accumulating “Hazardous Waste” Use secondary containment such as a tray or a tub to contain hazardous waste in the event that the primary container should leak.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Containerize Hazardous Waste Cans of paint without lids, broken thermometers, and chemically contaminated items must be overpacked into another container which is free of leaks so they can be disposed of safely. The OEHS will not accept waste that is not properly containerized

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) To Help Minimize Costs DO NOT MIX WASTES Only compatible waste solvents should be mixed together in appropriate waste containers Do not mix acids and flammable materials together Do not mix biological and chemical waste Do not mix radiological and chemical waste These practices can greatly reduce the cost of hazardous waste disposal.

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Labeling Waste Containers The following information must be on the label: The words “Hazardous Waste” The full name of the chemical(s) being placed in the container (no abbreviations or symbols) Associated hazards (such as flammable, corrosive, reactive, toxic)

Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Do not rely on the Hazardous Waste Specialist picking up your waste to label your containers for you. It is the waste generator’s responsibility to properly identify and label waste and waste containers. The OEHS provides “Hazardous Waste” labels upon request. The OEHS does not accept unknowns or unlabeled waste for disposal Labeling Waste Containers (cont’d)

“Hazardous Waste” Disposal Procedures Maintain waste in your area until collected by OEHS or brought to the OEHS storage facility. To schedule a waste pickup, submit an online “Hazardous Waste Pickup Request Form;” Please allow ~ 1 week from the time of form submission to have your waste picked up. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

“Hazardous Waste” Disposal Procedures Tulane is not a licensed disposal facility, NEVER dispose of “Hazardous Waste” by pouring it down the drain or placing it in the trash.Tulane is not a licensed disposal facility, NEVER dispose of “Hazardous Waste” by pouring it down the drain or placing it in the trash. Do not use evaporation as a disposal method. Under no circumstances may anyone place chemicals in the OEHS waste storage areas unless directed by the Hazardous Waste Specialist or other OEHS personnel.

Disposal Costs The OEHS is responsible for the cost of disposal associated with chemical waste from laboratories and other areas that is generated through normal research and work activities. The OEHS is not responsible for the cost of disposing of unwanted/old chemicals from principle investigators/researchers/others separating from the University. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Lab Cleanouts Any department which needs disposal of chemicals that are generated due to a lab or other area closing down or being renovated must bear the cost for disposal of those chemicals. OEHS must receive a signed IT before it makes any arrangements with a commercial disposal company for removal and disposal of such chemicals. You must go through OEHS for disposal of all “Hazardous Waste”. Contact OEHS for estimates if needed. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Minimizing “Hazardous Waste” By law, a Waste minimization program is required. Waste minimization is accomplished by: Source reduction (ordering less & only what is needed) Surplus chemical redistribution Labeling all containers (disposal of unknowns is expensive) Redistilling solvents Using mercury-free instruments Substituting hazardous chemicals with non-hazardous or less hazardous chemicals Reducing the scale of experiments

Chemical Waste Handling Procedures For a poster on chemical waste handling procedures which can be placed in your lab or other area for convenient reference, please go to the following link: Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Radioactive Waste Radioactive waste is regulated separately from “Hazardous Waste” by the Nuclear Regulatory Committee (NRC). For questions regarding radioactive waste, contact the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO), Charles Reindl, at or Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Medical Waste Medical waste is regulated by the EPA, but collection and disposal of medical waste is coordinated through Facilities Services. Please contact Facilities Services on your campus for questions regarding medical waste and to schedule pick-ups. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS)

Summary Those who generate “Hazardous Waste” must adhere to Tulane University’s Policies & Procedures concerning hazardous waste. All “Hazardous Waste” must be properly accumulated, labeled, and disposed. “Hazardous Waste” generation can be minimized by using less toxic materials, substituting the hazardous material with non-toxic material, or recycling the material.

Tulane University Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) Pam Fatland Manager, Chemical Safety (504) If unable to proceed to quiz, type the link below into your browser Proceed to Quiz