Skeletal System

Functions Provide support Protect internal organs Allows your body to move Stores and produces materials that your body needs

Development of Bones Newborn skeleton is made up of cartilage –Cartilage- a tough supporting tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone

Structure of bone Compact bone- make up the outer layer of all bones Spongy bone- contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress Bone marrow- tissue that fills the spaces in bones

Joints Joint- a place in your body where two or more of your bones come together Types of joints (know examples of each): –Pivot: Head and neck –Ball and socket: Shoulder or Hip –Hinge: Elbow or Finger or Knee –Gliding: Wrist or Ankle Ligaments-what holds bones to bones at joints

Keep Bones Healthy Eat well Exercise –Weight bearing exercises Avoid injuries –Bone injuries Fracture –Joint injuries Sprain Dislocation

Arthritis: inflammation of a joint Involves the breakdown of cartilage of –Cartilage absorbs shock when pressure is placed on joint OsteoarthritisRheumatoid Arthritis

Muscular System

Voluntary vs. Involuntary Voluntary Movement – movement that is under our conscious control Involuntary Movement – muscles that are not under our conscious control

Types of Muscles Skeletal muscle- voluntary muscle that we control to do activities Cardiac muscle- involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart Smooth muscle- involuntary muscles that causes movements within your body

How Muscles Work Contracting (becoming shorter and thicker) For each contraction, the fibers that contract: –Will depend on the amount of force required –Will contract completely Muscles work in PAIRS

Keeping Healthy Include warm-up and cool-down Work muscles for both endurance and strength Avoid muscle injuries –Strain –Tendonitis