Industrial Expansion United States History Mrs. O’Shea

Life in 1865 Life in 1865 – Read p. 457 No electricity Oil expensive – no lamps for many Very little communication Travel slow Mail slow

Technological Revolution Electricity Improvements Oil – drilling Railroads Improvements Telegraph Telephone Steel

Invention Inventor Effects 1.Oil Drilling 2.Light Bulb 3.Electrical Transformer 4.Telegraph 5.Telephone 6.Railroads 7.Bessemer Process Directions: Complete one chart for each of the inventions

Oil Drilling Inventor: Effects:

Light Bulb Inventor: Effects:

Electrical Transformer Inventor: Effects:

Telegraph Inventor: Effects:

Telephone Inventor: Effects:

Railroads Inventor: Effects:

Bessemer Process Inventor: Effects:

Big Business Invention -> Factories and Marketing -> $$$ Inventors needed investors willing to take a gamble on a new product. Enter … the businessman

Social Darwinism Charles Darwin – survival of the fittest Social Darwinism – apply Darwin’s ideas to society “Fit” = succeed and become rich = Employers “Weak” = Employees

Monopoly vs. Oligopoly Oligopoly – market dominated by a few large, profitable companies Examples: Breakfast Cereals Cars Monopoly – market dominated by one company Examples: AT&T Microsoft

Robber Barons or Captains of Industry Robber Baron cruel and ruthless businessmen who would stop at nothing to achieve great wealth accused of exploiting workers and forcing horrible working conditions and unfair labor practices upon them Captain of Industry ingenious leaders who transformed American economy with their business skills praised for their philanthropy (charity)

What do you think? Carnegie – Rockefeller – Captain of Industry Robber Baron

Leaders in Industry Positives Charity Advancements in technology Expansion of business ($$$) in U.S. Negatives Exploitation of workers Putting others out of business

Unions Became a means for expressing workers’ demands to employers Shorter work hours Higher wages Better working conditions

Laissez-Faire “the functions of the state should be limited to internal police and foreign protection — no public education, no limitation of hours of labor, no welfare legislation.” Does this go along with the ideas be hind social Darwinism?

Collective Bargaining – Scabs –

Collective Bargaining – negotiate as a group (power in numbers) Scabs – workers called in to replace striking workers

Employers Reactions 1.Forbidding union meetings 2.Firing union organizers 3.Yellow dog contracts – I will not participate in union activities 4.Refusing collective bargaining 5.Refusing to recognize union representatives

Review for Quiz 1.Oil Drilling 2.Light Bulb 3.Electrical Transformer 4.Telegraph 5.Telephone 6.Railroads 7.Bessemer Process 8.Social Darwinism 9.Monopoly 10.Oligopoly 11.Robber Barons vs. Captain of Industry 12.Rockefeller 13.Carnegie 14.Unions – collective bargaining, scabs 15.Haymarket Riot 16.Homestead Strike 17.Pullman Strike 18.Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Flashcards – definition, picture, important names, places, people