Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat

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Presentation transcript:

Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat Standard S8P2 d – Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collision of atoms. Chapter 14, Section 1 p.472-477

Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in matter. Low temperature particles have a low average kinetic energy The particles of hot cocoa move faster than those of cold chocolate milk. High temperature particles have a high average kinetic energy

Temperature Scales Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Used in… United States Most other countries Physical Science Boiling Point 212oF 100oC 373K Freezing Point 32oF 0oC 273K

Absolute Zero The lowest temperature possible, where no more thermal energy can be removed from matter. -273oC/-273K

Thermal Energy is NOT Heat!!! Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in an object. It depends on the number of particles in the object, the temperature of the object, and the arrangement of the object’s particles. Heat is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object. Only when thermal energy is transferred is it called heat!

Specific Heat When an object is heated, its temperature rises; but it does not rise the same for all objects. Specific Heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1K Unit of measure is joules per kilogram-Kelvin, or J/(kg-K) A material with a high specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in temperature.

Conduction Heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another without the movement of the matter.

Convection Heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid. Convection currents have a circular flowing motion; they can transfer heated air.

Radiation The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

Heat moves ONE way! If two objects have different temperatures, heat will flow from the warmer object to the colder one.

Conductors A material that conducts heat/transfers thermal energy well Ex: metals, tile floors

Insulators A material that does NOT conduct heat/transfer thermal energy well Ex: wood, wool, straw, paper, gases, cloths, blankets

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