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TODAY YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT SCIENTIFIC THINKING THEORY VS HYPOTHESIS

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis theory Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven testable Best explanation to explain Facts Has data to support it Makes predictions theory belief data opinion idea Answers questions verified No proof THIS IS WHAT YOUR NOTES WILL LOOK LIKE WHEN WE ARE DONE theory belief data opinion idea Answers questions verified No proof

SECTION INTRO – 1 PP XXXVIII - XLI SCIENTIFIC THINKING

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 THIS IS WHERE THE HEADING AND TEXT PAGE NUMBERS GO

THERE WILL BE MORE ON THIS LATER BUT SCIENTIFIC THINKING : IS SKEPTICAL – DON’T BELIEVE ANYTHING WITHOUT DATA RELIES ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA EXPERIMENTS CAN BE REPEATED MAKE PREDICTIONS, THEN TESTS THEM ADAPTS TO NEW OBSERVATIONS IS VERIFIED BY OTHERS INDEX

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified NOTICE THE DEFFINITION IS BESIDE THE INDEX WORD

WHICH IS NOT TRUE OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING? A. IS SKEPTICAL B. BELIEVE ANYTHING SEEN ON T.V. C. RELIES ON EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE D. ADAPTS TO NEW OBSERVATIONS E. EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS MUST BE REPEATED

HYPOTHESIS A TENTATIVE EXPLAINATION FOR AN OBSERVATION EDUCATED GUESS IS NOT PROVEN (YET) IS TESTABLE (YOU HAVE TO BE ABLE TO SET UP AN EXPERIMENT) NO WRONG HYPOTHESES (UNTIL IT IS PROVEN WRONG) IF - THEN STATEMENT INDEX

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven Testable IF THEN STATEMENT NOTICE THAT THE INDEX MAKES IT EASY TO FIND A VOCAB WORD AND DEFINITION

WHAT IS TRUE FOR A HYPOTHESIS? A. IS A FACT B. CAN NEVER BE CHANGED OR MODIFIED C. IS A BEST EDUCATED GUESS D. HAS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

WHAT IS THE LAST THING A REDNECK SAYS BEFORE HE DIES? “HEY! WATCH THIS …….”

THEORY BEST EXPLAINATION TO EXPLAIN FACTS HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT MAKES PREDICTION (THAT CAN BE TESTED WITH AN EXPERIMENT) HAS PASSED EVERY EXPERIMENT INDEX

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis theory Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven testable Best explanation to explain Facts Has data to support it Makes predictions THIS IS WHAT THEY SHOULD LOOK LIKE NOW

WHICH IS TRUE FOR A THEORY? A. HAS NO EVIDENCE B. IS JUST AN IDEA C. HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT D. CAN NEVER BE CHANGED OR MODIFIED

COMPARE AND CONTRAST HYPOTHESIS THEORY SCIENTIFIC IDEA NOT PROVEN HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT TENATIVE EXPLAINATION BEST EXPLAINATION BEFORE THE EXPERIMENT AFTER THE EXPERIMENT MAKES PREDICTIONS LEFT SIDE

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis theory Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven testable Best explanation to explain Facts Has data to support it Makes predictions XXXX XXX XX XXX XXXX NOTICE THE ORGANIZER ON THE LEFT REVIEWS THE NOTES ON THE RIGHT

WHICH IS TRUE OF A THEORY BUT NOT A HYPOTHESES? A. IS AN EDUCATED GUESS B. IS ABSOLUTELY TRUE C. MAKES PREDICTIONS D. IS AN IDEA

A GOOD PLACE TO STOP BUT NOT FOR THE POSSUM

MOST PEOPLE USE THE WORD THEORY INCORRECTLY THEY USE THE WORD “THEORY” WHEN THEY MEAN “BELIEVE” THIS GETS CONFUSING THEORIES ARE BASED ON FACTS AND EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE BELIEFS ARE JUST WHAT YOU THINK OR WANT TO BE TRUE

I HAVE A THEORY THAT ALIENS ARE EATING PEOPLE DO YOU HAVE ANY PROOF? OF COURSE NOT, THERE IS A GOV’T COVERUP THEN THAT IS JUST WHAT YOU BELIEVE NOT A THEORY

I WILL GET THEM TO STUDY MY THEORY IN SCHOOL THEN EVERYONE WILL BELIEVE IT WITH NO EXPERIMENTAL DATA IT IS JUST YOUR OPINION

I DON’T NEED EVIDENCE……. I JUST KNOW THE TRUTH YOU CAN BELIEVE WHAT YOU WANT ……. BUT DON’T CALL IT SCIENCE

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THEORY BELIEF ALWAYS HAS DATA NOT FOUNDED ON PROOF MUST BE TESTEDDOESN’T HAVE TO BE TESTED MAKES PREDICTIONS EXPLAINS FACTS OPINION VERIFIED IDEA ANSWERS QUESTIONS CAN NOT BE DISPROVEN CAN BE PROVEN WRONG

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis theory Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven testable Best explanation to explain Facts Has data to support it Makes predictions XXX XX XXX XX BELEIF THEORY XXXX XXX XXXX XXXXX TO STUDY FOLD BACK THE INDEX WORDS

Section into – 1 ppXXXVIII-XLI Scientific thinking 2 9/2 Sci thinking hypothesis theory Skeptical Experiment Repeated Predictions verified A tentative explanation for Observations Not proven testable Best explanation to explain Facts Has data to support it Makes predictions XXX XX XXX XX BELEIF THEORY XXXX XXX XXXX XXXXX INSTANT FLASH CARDS

REAL WORLD EXAMPLE BIGFOOT IS NOT A REAL ANIMAL ACCORDING TO SCIENCE SCIENTISTS DO NOT STUDY BIGFOOT SUMMER 2008 SOME GUYS CLAIM TO HAVE A FROZEN BIGFOOT BODY WITH EVIDENCE SCIENTISTS ARE INTERESTED DNA SAMPLES ARE COLLECTED THEY ARE FROM AN OPPOSSUM AND THE BODY IS MADE OF RUBBER REAL SCIENTIST DON’T WASTE ANY MORE OF THIER TIME ON IT SOME PEOPLE STILL “BELIEVE” CLAIM IT IS A GOVERNMENT COVER UP LIKE THE GOVERNMENT CARES PHOTOGRAPHS ARE NOT SCIENTIFIC PROOF

WHICH IS TRUE OF AN OPINION OR BELEIF A. HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT B. DOES NOT NEED DATA C. MAKES PREDICTIONS D. MUST PASS AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST

THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST EVERYDAY YOU WERE BORN WITH SCIENCE THINKING SKILLS YOU USE THEM EVERYDAY YOU JUST DON’T CALL IT THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD YOU OBSERVE YOU THINK YOU MAKE IDEAS YOU EXPERIMENT YOU MAKE CONCLUSIONS YOU LEARN FROM THESE THINGS

SCIENTIFIC THINKING OBSERVE ANALYZE SYNTHESIZE TEST LOOK AT STUFF THINK ABOUT IT MAKE A HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENT REPEAT NEW PAGE (PG. 3)

OBSERVE HMMM WHAT IS THAT

ANALYZE LOOKS LIKE A KITTY LOOKS SOFT AND CUDDILY LOOKS LIKE A GOOD PET

SYTHESIZE I THINK I CAN HOLD HIM IF I PICK HIM UP THEN HE WILL LOVE ME!!

TEST

OBSERVE AGAIN AAUUGGG GOOD OBSERVATION

ANALYZE AGAIN HE BLASTED ME YOU STINK

SYNTHESIZE AGAIN I CAN’T HOLD HIM I LEARNED SOMETHING YOU STILL STINK

SKUNK SMELL ANTIDOTE 1 QUART HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ½ CUP BAKING SODA 1 TEASPOON DISH SOAP (DAWN) MIX AND WASH PET FOR 10 MINUTES AVOID EYES RINSE WITH WATER AND HOPE YOUR PET IS NOT A CAT TRUST ME ON THIS

HOW DID YOU LEARN THAT THE STOVE WAS HOT? THAT THE REMOTE CONTROL WORKED THE TV THAT CANDY TASTED GOOD THAT MUD TASTED BAD THAT BEE STINGS HURT THAT UNDERWARE DOESN’T GO ON YOUR HEAD YOU EXPERIMENTED

DID YOU LEARN ABOUT SCIENTIFIC THINKING? LETS FIND OUT

TO OBSERVE MEANS TO A. LOOK B. THINK C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS D. DO THE EXPERIMENT

TO SYNTHESIZE MEANS TO A. LOOK B. THINK C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS D. DO THE EXPERIMENT

TO ANALYZE MEANS TO A. LOOK B. THINK C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS D. DO THE EXPERIMENT

TO TEST MEANS TO A. LOOK B. THINK C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS D. DO THE EXPERIMENT

A THEORY CAN A. MAKE PREDICTIONS B. NEVER BE TESTED C. IS ALWAYS TRUE FOREVER D. IS AN EDUCATED GUESS

A HYPOTHESIS A. IS A FACT B. IS A BEST EDUCATED GUESS C. HAS A LOT OF DATA TO SUPPORT IT D. IS MADE AFTER YOU DO THE EXPERIMENT