Chapter Two 第二章 后元音 Back Vowels: / ɑ : / / ɔ / / ɔ : / / u / / u: / Time: 2 periods

Chapter two The first period 第二章 第一学时 后元音 Back vowels: / ɑ : / / ɔ / / ɔ : /

Warming-up Exercise Please read the following phrases in falling tone and rising tone, pay attention to the words containing / ɑ :/ / ɔ / / ɔ :/ /u/ & /u:/ sounds.

Warming-up Exercise / ɑ :/ a fast car / a large shark / a starved artist / ɔ / socks and stockings / borrow a novel / clocks and watches / ɔ :/ more and more / on the fourth floor / a short story /u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot /u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/ ɑ :/ / ɔ / / ɔ :/ /u/ /u:/ There are five back vowels: / ɑ :/ / ɔ / / ɔ :/ /u/ /u:/ For all of them the tip of tongue is withdrawn towards the soft palate, lip-rounding plays an important part in producing all the back vowels except for / ɑ :/

/ ɑ :/ The tongue is held very low. The mouth is opened with no lip-rounding. The sound is like the exclamation “ Ah ”.

/ ɑ :/ is usually read in the following letter or combine letters: a ar al au plant glassclass fast basket star park car parcel hard calm half palm (l is silent) aunt laugh

Phrases & Sentences a fast car a starved artist a laugh star a starry March night half past nine The dancing part stopped at half past five. Arthur didn ’ t pass the art exam. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.

/ɔ//ɔ/ The sound is made with open jaws and slight open lip-rounding, the back of the tongue is kept very low and far back.

/ ɔ / is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: o a ou au cop lock hot clock novel want what was watch quality cough trough because sausage Austria Australia

Phrases & Sentences clocks and watches cotton socks borrow a novel wash the mop cost a lot watch that small fox John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches has gone wrong. The robber ’ s name is Robert.

/ ɔ :/ This sound has a low, mid-back tongue position; the lips are tense and protruded.

/ ɔ :/ is usually read in the following combined letters: aw or au ar al ore oor oar our ough augh saw jaw law yawn draw horse born cord sword cause fault war fall all salt talk tore before more board door four fought taught daughter

Phrases & Sentences more score short stories walk across the lawn morning news report forty horses to put more salt Your four daughters are all very tall. The reporter gave an important talk in the auditorium. You ought to do what the doctor ordered.

Comparison Between / ɑ :/ & / ɔ / and / ɔ :/ & / ɔ / / ɑ :/ /ɔ//ɔ// ɔ ://ɔ//ɔ/ dark 黑 dock 码头 cork 软木 cock 公鸡 guard 看守 god 神 short 短 shot 射击 sharp 锋利 shop 商店 chalk 粉笔 chock 垫块 heart 心脏 hot 热 cord 粗浅 cod 鳕鱼

After-class assignments Review and memorize the words, phrases, sentences in class. Make sentences containing back vowels / ɑ :/ / ɔ / / ɔ : /. Listen to the tapes and practice the three back vowels / ɑ : / / ɔ / / ɔ : /.

Chapter two The second period 第二章 第二学时 后元音 Back vowels: / u / / u: /

Warning-up exercise /u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot /u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/u/ This sound is produced with the tongue in a relaxed position. The lips are loosely rounded.

/u/ is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: u o oo ou put full sugar bull push butcher wolf woman bosom to good stood wood foot soot (before t and d in the words) book cook hook look took shook (before k in the words) could should would

Phrases & Sentences look for the cook push aside the butcher a good-looking woman took the book cook the soup put the sugar in the bottle The cook understood the sugar was no good. He took a book to the wood and had a good look at it. The woman couldn ’ t push the cart full of wood.

/u:/ The back of the tongue is raised the highest. This sound is the most tense and most lip-rounded of the back vowels.

/u:/ is usually read in the following letters and combined letters: o u oo ou ue ew oe do who move lose June rude Susan too food soon moon spoon you group soup through glue true blue chew juice shoe

Phrases & Sentences food and soup blue boots choose a good school at noon in June Stoop by a cool pool useful tools That news is too good to be true. That student blew up a blue balloon on an afternoon in June. As a rule, Sue is foolish and stupid at school.