Energy & Its Impact on Global Society Jerome K. Williams, Ph.D. Saint Leo University Dept. Mathematics & Sciences

Part 2: Introduction Energy Resources & Reserves Energy Calculations Lifecycle of Energy Resource Energy Conservation

Energy Resources & Reserves Two principal questions 1.How large is each resource? 2.How long will it last? Resources that can be recovered profitably using present technology are called reserves

Energy Resources & Reserves Each type of energy reserve is measured in units appropriate to its physical form – Tons of coal(ton) – Barrels of oil(bbl) – Trillion cubic feet natural gas(tcf)

Energy Resources & Reserves

Table 1.1. World and United States Proven Reserves 2008 ResourceWorldUnited StatesLifetime Oil 1342 x 10 9 bbl 7.7 x Btu 29.4 x 10 9 bbl 0.13 x Btu 10 years Natural Gas 6254 x cf 6.1 x Btu 237 x cf 0.24 x Btu 12 years Coal 0.93 x tons 23 x Btu 0.26 x tons 6.4 x Btu 230 years Oil Sands525 x 10 9 bbl 2.9 x Btu 32 x 10 9 bbl 0.17 x Btu 12 years Source: US Energy Information Administration

Energy Resources & Reserves Common Base Unit for Energy is called the British Thermal Unit (Btu) – The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. – Approximately the energy released by burning a kitchen match

Energy Calculations U.S. oil reserves are estimated at 29 billion barrels, and we currently produce about 6 million barrels a day. How long, in years, will these reserves last at this production rate? Answer:13 years

Lifecycle of Energy Resource Use or exploitation of resource shows three stages – Initial period of increase – Production reaches a maximum – Decline phase eventually going to zero

Energy Conservation Total energy consumed in any activity is a result of two factors: – How much energy output vs. amount you input? – What is the length or amount of that activity?

Energy Conservation Efforts of energy conservation usually concentrate on two approaches: – Technical Fix: goal is to reduce energy required for activity – Lifestyle Change: Modify behavior to reduce frequency of activity

Suggested Problems Questions: 1, 3, 13, 17