7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS What is a system? What is an information system?

ENVIRONMENT What is a system? define input/processing/output feedback & control environment open, adaptive systems PROCESSING INPUTOUTPUT FEEDBACK & CONTROL

What is an information system? people: end users & IS specialists data: databases, knowledge bases hardware: machines & media software: programs, procedures networks: media, support (inc. hardware, software, people, data)

What are components of an IS? input: data entry processing: adding, comparing, sorting, classifying, summarizing, updating output: reports, displays storage: file type, media control: feedback, adjustments

Information Quality Time –timeliness, currency, frequency, time period Content –accuracy, relevance, completeness, conciseness, scope Form –clarity, detail, order, presentation, media

Small Groups American General Insurance (p. 53) Creative Computers (p. 69) Jefferson State University (p. 72) Office Products Corporation (p. 72) In each scenario, identify the people, data resources, hardware, software, and networks. Also, identify the information products. In each scenario, identify the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.

History of (Computer-based) IS data processing (1950’s) –record keeping, accounting, transaction processing management reporting (1960’s) –predefined reports decision support systems (1970’s) –on-the-fly managerial information end-user computing (1980’s) –executive information systems, –expert systems, strategic information systems enterprise computing (1990’s) –networked all-of-the-above

Types of IS Operations Support Systems –Transaction Processing Systems –Process Control Systems –Enterprise Collaboration Systems Managerial Support Systems –Management Information Systems –Decision Support Systems –Executive Information Systems

OSS: Transaction Processing purchases sales inventory changes batch processing – do in bulk at one time realtime processing – do at the time of transaction –POS systems image courtesy of

OSS: Process Control Systems automatic triggers in system –inventory replenishment –manufacturing decisions (which line to run) image courtesy of

OSS: Enterprise Collaboration Systems Communication enhancements Resource sharing Coordination enhancements Virtual teams Groupware

MSS: Management Information Systems ‘canned’ reports timing: 3 options –on demand –when limits are hit –periodically image courtesy of

MSS: Decision Support Systems interactive ad hoc basis unstructured spreadsheets image courtesy of

MSS: Executive Information Systems for executives graphics-intensive easy to use

Expert Systems knowledge-based information system computer-based expert that helps in –troubleshooting –what-if analysis –problem remediation image courtesy of

Knowledge Management Systems a way to increase communication of information –Internet/intranets web sites –discussion groups –knowledge bases image courtesy of

Strategic Information Systems products or services that provide market edge