KIS – Cvičenie #5 IP konfigurácia v prostredí OS Windows Marián Beszédeš, B506

Step-by-Step Networking Procedure Decide on the type of network –Coax (10base2) –Twisted-Pair (10baseT/100baseT) Which brand of Network card to purchase ? Installation of the Network Card / Card Driver Configuration...

Windows 98 – Network Configuration

Windows 98 – Network Configuration – Add..., Protocol Configuration Add : –Client –Adapter –Protocol –Service Protocols –NetBEUI –IPX/SPX compatible –TCP/IP

Windows XP – Network Configuration

IPCONFIG This utility allows you to get the IP address information of a Windows computer. It also allows some control over active TCP/IP connections. ipconfig – infor about IP address, network mask and gateway for all physical and virtual network adapters ipconfig /all – like ipconfig + DNS and WINS settings for each adapter

DNS – Domain name servec Definition: The DNS translates Internet domain and host names to IP addresses. DNS automatically converts the names we type in our Web browser address bar to the IP addresses of Web servers hosting those sites. DNS implements a distributed database to store this name and address information for all public hosts on the Internet. DNS assumes IP addresses do not change (are statically assigned rather than dynamically assigned).

WINS - Windows Internet Naming Service Definition : WINS - automated conversion of computer names to network addresses, for Windows networks. (NetBIOS names to IP addresses) distributed client/server system (like DNS) primary and secondary WINS servers –dynamically update name/address pairings as computers join and leave the network. The dynamic behavior of WINS = supports networks using DHCP.

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Definition - DHCP allows a computer to join an IP-based network without having a pre- configured IP address DHCP is a protocol that assigns unique IP addresses to devices, then releases and renews these addresses as devices leave and re-join the network DHCP server key parameters –range or "pool" of available IP addresses –correct subnet masks –gateway and name server addresses

NetBIOS - Network Basic Input/Output System NETBIOS API allows applications on different computers to communicate within a LAN (Ethernet/Token Ring networks) part of NetBIOS Extended User Interface – NETBEUI frees the application from having to understand the details of the network - It provides services related to the session layer (error recovery) NetBIOS provides three distinct services: –Name service for name registration and resolution In order to start Sessions or distribute Datagrams, an application must register its NetBIOS name using the Name service –Session service for connection-oriented communication session mode lets two computers establish a connection for a "conversation," allows larger messages to be handled, and provides error detection and recovery –Datagram distribution service for connectionless communication datagram mode mode is "connectionless" (each message is sent independently), messages must be smaller, and the application is responsible for error detection and recovery

IPCONFIG - /release, /renew ipconfig /release –This option terminates any active TCP/IP connections on all network adapters and releases those IP addresses for use by other applications ipconfig /renew This option re-establishes TCP/IP connections on all network adapters Both options only work on clients configured for dynamic DHCP addressing.

IPCONFIG - /showclassid, /setclassid, /displaydns, /flushdns, /registerdns /showclassid, /setclassid –manage DHCP class identifiers –DHCP classes can be defined by administrators on a DHCP server to apply different network settings to different types of clients /displaydns, /flushdns –access a local DNS cache that Windows maintains –/displaydns - prints the contents of the cache –/flushdns - erases the contents –/registerdns updates DNS settings on the Windows computer this option initiates communication with both the DNS server and the DHCP server to re-register with them

PING - ICMP protocol application Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to communicate specific information between hosts about network or communications problems Ping was designed to use ICMP in a heterogenous local area network environment to determine the round trip time and availability of a remote host Ping was never intended for use in the general Internet, but it is the most comonly used network troubleshooting tool available

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP is implemented as part of IP, but runs as if it were a higher level protocol (it's encapsulated within IP) shtmlhttp:// shtml ICMP - RFC 792

Traceroute

Traceroute - ICMP protocol application Allows the user to determine the route packets take to reach a particular host Algorithm: –Tracert works by increasing the "time to live" (TTL) value of each successive packet sent –When a packet passes through a host, the host decrements the TTL value by one and forwards the packet to the next host –When a packet with a TTL of one reaches a host, the host discards the packet and sends an ICMP time exceeded –Tracert, if used properly, can help you find points in your network that are either routed incorrectly or are not existent at all –The traceroute utility uses these returning packets to produce a list of hosts that the packets have traversed en route to the destination NOTE: may not list the real hosts, it indicates that the first host is at one hop, the second host at two hops. IP cannot guarantee that all the packets take the same route

Tracert - Example Site B → Site A –T1 - higher capacity link (1.544 Mbps) –ISDN link - used as a backup if the T1 link fails (128 Kbps)

Tracert - Example near-side interfaces are used when reporting –near-side interface = the interface of the router that is closest to the sending host in the path –Why is it importatnt ?

T1 is up C:\>tracert Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops ms 3 ms 2 ms ms 83 ms 88 ms ms 79 ms 93 ms Trace complete. T1 was down C:\>tracert Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops ms 3 ms 2 ms ms 83 ms 88 ms ms 79 ms 93 ms Trace complete.

Tracert Troubleshooting C:\>tracert Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops reports: Destination net unreachable. Trace complete. Notes Tracert doesn’t help to find ‘latency’. - pathping command Tracert is available only if the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is installed as a component in the properties of a network adapter in Network Connections. This is a TCP/IP utility that uses ICMP, a protocol within the TCP/IP protocol suite.