Clinical Haematology & Cell Counting D-Cell 60 Clinical Haematology & Cell Counting Prepared By IHSAN M. Said 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY Clinical haematology plays a primary role in any laboratory. Haematological test are one of the first type ordered by the doctor to determine if his patient has any type of disease To help you understand haematology we will look at what blood is, how it is best measured and what it looks like under the microscope 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY Various blood cells on a slide Eosiniphil Lymphocyte Monocyte Neutrophil Platelet Basophil Red Blood Cell 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

What is Blood DIAGON® Ltd. 02.04.2006 Dubai

Volumetric % in whole blood Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Normal density 4.5 – 5.5 x1012 cells/l 5 – 10 x109 cells/l 150 – 450 x109 cells/l Nucleated? No* Yes No Sub-populations and their % RBC: 99.9% *NRBC (Nucleated RBC) 0.1% GRAnulocytes: 65% NEUtrophil: 60% EOSinophil: 4% BASophil: 1% LYMphocytes: 30% MONOcytes: 5% Shape, size Biconcave (donut) shape diameter: 7-8 µm thickness: 1.8-2 µm GRAnulocytes: 13-16 µm LYMphocytes: 8-15 µm MONocytes: 15-25 µm Fragments with a diameter of 2-4 µm Volume of cell 80 – 100 fl 50 – 1500 fl (native) 5 – 15 fl Volumetric % in whole blood 45 % 0.1 % 0.3 % Cell composition of whole human blood 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

Red Blood Cells Clinical Relevance 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

White Blood Cells 5 Types 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

Platelets Clinical relevance 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

D-Cell 60 Cell counting principle White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell and Platelet are counted and sized by the Electrical Impedance Method. DIAGON® Ltd.

D-Cell 60 Counting Principle electrical Impedance Method Volumetric Impedance Method 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

DIAGON® Ltd.

The Counting principle DIAGON® Ltd. A red cell passes through RBC aperture Red Blood Cell Sensing Zone Oscilloscope Oscilloscope 02.04.2006 Dubai

Counting principle A White cell passes through WBC aperture Neutrophil DIAGON® Ltd. Counting principle A White cell passes through WBC aperture Neutrophil Oscilloscope Sensing Zone Oscilloscope 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

Applying Thresholds to separate Plt from RBC 20 fl 2 fl Base line Platelets RBC of various sizes 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

RBC Histogram Normal Distribution Histogram in Normal samples DIAGON® Ltd. Normal Distribution Histogram in Normal samples

RBC histogram 256 channel high resolution RBC histogram RBC population 256 channel high resolution RBC histogram display cell population data between 24 and 350 fl 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

Platelet Histogram DIAGON® Ltd. Normal Log Histogram in Normal samples

WBC Histogram DIAGON® Ltd. 3 Part Diff

WBC histogram 256 channel high resolution WBC histogram DIAGON® Ltd. WBC histogram Lymphocyte Monocyte Granulocyte 256 channel high resolution WBC histogram display cell population data between 35 and 450 fl

WBC histogram Mono Lymp Neut Baso Eos 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

D-Cell 60 HGB Measurement Method 02.04.2006 Dubai DIAGON® Ltd.

D-Cell 60 Fully automatic 3-part diff haematology analyser DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 General Introduction: Which parameters are determined? What are the main features and specifications? What makes D-CELL 60 convenient for the customer ? DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Parameters 3 p a r t d i f f , 1 9 p a r a m e t e r s Measured parameters RBC, WBC, HGB, MCV, PLT Derived parameters LYM#, MON#, GRN#, LYM%, MON%, GRN% HCT, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV, RDW-SV PCT, MPV, PDW DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features Measuring system: DIAGON® Particle counting: Impedance methode 2 channels (RBC+PLT / WBC) HGB measurement: Photometric methode (525 nm) photometer incl. in WBC channel 3-part differentiation: derived from histogram Direct volumetric system for determination of count volume Throughput: 60 samples / hour DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features Sampling system: DIAGON® Open tube sampling: pipettor system Sample volume: 13 µl Pre-dilute mode: for capillary samples diluent dispensing for 1st dilution step sample volume: 20 µl DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features Reagent system: DIAGON® Diluent: 31101 Diaton-D-Diluent (20 ltr.) Lyse: 31102 Dia-Lyse-D (500 mL) Detergent: 31103 Dia-Rinse-D (5 ltr.) Enzymatic Cleaner: 31104 Dia-Clean-D (100 mL) Probe-Cleaner: 31105 Dia-Probe-Clean-D (50mL) Fill level monitoring for each reagent container

D-Cell 60 Features User Interface: 10“ Colour LCD screen, 256 colours Results and 3 histograms on one screen Numeric keyboard with 9 function keys External keyboard and barcode scanner optional Built-in thermo or external printer Data communication port Large internal memory (20.000 samples with histogram) DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features X-B Analysis available (Dr. Brian Bull) Quality Control Control Blood data input / edit 9 separate files Each file stores 31 QC mesurment Graphical presentation ( 4 par. on one screen ) Table presentation X-B Analysis available (Dr. Brian Bull) Monitoring MCH , MCHC and MCV Graph and Table DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Features Calibration: Data review DIAGON® Auto Calibration ( up to 5 measurements ) Manual Calibration Data review Several search options ( by name, data, ID …) Review both results and histograms for each patient DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Benefits Low sample volume (13 µL ) Low reagent consumption High analytical precision Simple operation concept Efficient Throughput (60 sampls / hour) Large, bright colour LCD screen DIAGON®

D-Cell 60 Benefits User convenience Powerful data management DIAGON® Only one key stroke to start measurement Simple, Windows oriented software structure Reagent containers with level sensor Minimized maintenance requirements Powerful data management Results and histograms on one screen 20.000 results incl. histograms in memory Efficient QC data management DIAGON®