1 Demographics and its Effect on the Language Issue 250 to 1,000 Native American languages existed in North America before colonization 155 survived in the United states after colonization. Only 20 survived with some vitality into the 21st century (Crawford, 1995).

2 Demographics and its Effect on the Language Issue 250 to 1,000 Native American languages existed in North America before colonization 155 survived in the United states after colonization. Only 20 survived with some vitality into the 21st century (Crawford, 1995).

3 Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA The settlers established schools educating children French, German, Spanish, or Swedish, while teaching English as s Second Language

4 First public schools (1820’s), parochial and private schools used the community language for instruction. Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

5 90% of the immigrant population during the 19 th and earlier 20 th centuries was European; Peak periods of immigration in the 20th century: first two decades and from 1985-present Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

6 First half of the 20 th century: English was imposed as the language of instruction--34 states enacted laws only-English instruction Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

survey: –Boston: 70% of White students reached high school; 38% of the students whose home language was not English reached high school; –Chicago: 42% for English speakers and 18% for non-English, –New York 32% for English speakers and 13% for non-English. Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

survey: –28% of American-born students and 27% of foreign-born English speakers were behind grade level; –However, 43% of foreign-born non- English speakers were behind grade level. Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

9 The 1965 Immigration Act opened the door to Asian immigrants; Political and economic problems have driven large number of Latin Americans to the United States from 1980’s-present. Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

survey: –1985 to 1990: the LEP population increased by 51%, 2.5 million; –5,226,000 bilingual students ages 5 to 17 (13% of the school aged- population)--68.6% Spanish speakers. Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

11 US English, was founded in 1983 to defend against threats to the English language produced by massive immigration. By 1988, nearly 95% of the population in US spoke English, and 85% were native speakers Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

census – population increase of 13.2% from 248, 709,873 to 281,421,906, –50.3% population increase due to net immigration

13 Student enrollment –Net increase of over 9 million, 24.2%, from 38,125,000 ( ) to 47,356,000 ( ) –Hispanic student enrollment doubled, to an estimated 9 million children

14 Limited-English Proficient –Net increase of over 2 million, 104%, from 2,154,781 ( ) to 4,416,580 ( ), –CA, TX, IL, FL, NY account for 51.3% of LEP population

15 Bilingual/ESL Demographics and Current State of the Art of BE and ESL (Data taken from the Texas Education Agency TEA, April 5, 2005) Data presented by the U.S. Dept. of Education – Title III Biennial Evaluation Report, FY in González, Georgina, Director of BE, TEA

16 U.S. public schools serve about 5.1 million English language learners (ELLs); 145 different languages are spoken among our ELL population; Spanish is spoken by 80% of the ELL population U.S. Demographics

17 1,894,108 Hispanic (44%) 1,676,987 White (39%) 616,050 African American (14%) 127,092 Asian (2.9%) 13,791 Native American (0.3%) Texas Student Profile Grades PK-12

18 Spanish 603,299 Vietnamese 10,649 Urdu 3,425 Korean 2,841 Arabic 2,689 Texas PK-12 English language learners (ELLs) ,583 Total Identified ELLs)

19

20

Academic Excellence Indicator System for Region 8 Link contains information about number of bilingual and ESL students in the Region, compared to the rest of the state; Taks reports per academic subject, ethnic group, minority, etc: 005/region.srch.html

Academic Excellence Indicator System for Mount Pleasant ISD Taks reports per academic subject, ethnic group, graduation rates, etc,for the district: eis/2005/district.srch.html

Texas State Data Center and Office of the State Demographer (Dr. Steve Murdock) The center functions as a focal point for the distribution of census information for Texas. The Center also disseminates population estimates and projections for Texas, as well as other information from the federal government, state government, and other sources. Link to pages containing demographic data for Texas and at the National level