5/10/12 Inter-Mural/School Sport in USA & UK

Benefits of summer camps (Outdoor Adventure) Challenges Self-discovery New skills Independence Promote activity Knowledge Enrichment Cultural Experiences

Key Terms Inter-mural – competitions organised within geographic area e.g. Texas, Bucks Inter-school – Competitions between schools, e.g. Amersham vs. Misbourne

USA Inter-Mural Despite PE crisis, inter-mural VERY strong in USA High Schools represent 3 of ‘big 4’ – football, basketball, & baseball Many more represented – females commonly in athletics, volleyball, gymnastics, & soccer.

Case study of $$$ in High School Sport Minnesota 156 high schools compete in ICE HOCKEY league Consider facilities needed, geographic location, travel, equipment, skill set, & COST Can you think of a inter mural sport that is participated so highly in the UK that requires high cost expenditure?

This was one of the HIGH SCHOOL games!?!?!

The State High School Athletic Association (SHSAA) State owned, e.g. North Carolina SHSAA, Ohio SHSAA etc. DECENTRALISATION No federal (government) funding Funded by schools Compare to UK

USA School Conferences Based on number of enrolled students E.g. ‘One A’ = Up to 200 students (small) ‘AAAAA’ = +1900

Sport has HIGH STATUS in USA Schools HIGHER STATUS than PE Inter school sport is a DIRECT REFLECTION of the PROFESSIONAL SPORTS SCENCE This is where the journey begins from amateur to professional = AMERICAN DREAM ‘Friday Night Lights’ – HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL

Case Study example.. Mission High School Texas 5A Conference (1900 students) Every games 15,000 supporters FIRST PROGRESSION IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELITE PROFESSIONAL PERFORMERS LOMBARDIANISM p?sectiondetailid=22

High School Sport Expensive for School Make their money back through: School funding (not financed through government) Gate recipes Merchandise!!! ion/Mission-High-School-Eagles.aspx?schoolid= ion/Mission-High-School-Eagles.aspx?schoolid= Sponsorships Media payments Alumni donations (people who used to attend) FRAGILE DEPENDING ON HOW TEAM IS PLAYING, ARE THEY WINNING?

Inter-mural School Sport; High status.. Centre of junior sporting excellence Incentive for College Scholarships Stadiums at the school School sport reflects pro sport Commercial – attract sponsorship & media = $$ for school Coach ‘HIRE & FIRE’ Large crowds Lombardism

Task Compare the American High School sport scene with your own experience of inter school sport in the UK

KEY TERM INTRA-MURAL SPORTS – recreational sports that take place WITHIN a HIGH SCHOOL Students form own teams. E.g. Flag football, lacrosse, volleyball, field hockey, soccer RECREATIONAL Key point to compare with UK similarites

Intra-mural in the UK Very similar to USA Recreational, but with scope to turn competitive E.g. In UK SPORTS DAYS, school houses Review RADICAL ETHIC Part of ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME

Inter-School Sport in UK 400,000 students took part in Inter-school sport in ; INCREASING £2.4 BILLION invested by government Extra curricular; TEACHER organised Participation ethic orientated USA = Athletic associations responsible E.g. The Daily Mail National Rugby Union competition – RESEARCH as CASE E.g.

Inter-School Sport in UK No crowds No media No sponsorship PE teacher organises & coaches (permanent contract) Does not replicate the professional sports scene

Mass Participation LOW 19% 16yr old + take part in physical activity 60% of USA adults under active, or no activity 40 million part of health clubs 30 states have 25% or more OBESE RISING 75% of people take part in physical activity Mass participation HIGHER than USA - WHY?? Men more active than women More ££ = more opportunity 6000 gyms; USA ‘gym culture’

Amateur Sports Clubs Exclusive provision Private sponsorship Expensive Golf, tennis, sailing; sport specific No amateur clubs Competition high priority LITTLE LEAGUE SPORTS refer to page 136 = WIN ETHIC from early age Long tradition Voluntary funding Inexpensive Private funding from local council, Sport England, National Lottery

Discrimination in USA key points John L Sullivan refused to fight ‘blacks’ No black players in Major League Baseball until 1947 Tokenism – hiring small group of minority to appear non-discrimatory, ethnic members to keep media happy Stacking – Whites keeping control of their sport NFL = 68% black players NBA = 20% white players; WHITE FIGHT (players withdrawing from basketball)

Success of Ethnic Minorities Opportunity Provision Esteem Role models: Jesse Owens Mohammed Ali Althea Gibson (first black Wimbledon winner)

Contemporary Sports Stars Breaking the ‘Glass Ceiling’ Page 141 Taken over sports formerly inaccessible The Times 2000 ‘Golden crown for the girl from the ghetto’ Venus Williams Wimbledon win

Homework, part 1 Watch a section of: See you if you can draw/highlight key points that relate to our unit, e.g.: - Commercialisation - Capitalism - American Dream/Rags to riches - Decentralised government

Homework, part 2 Carry out a search on the internet to find sites for American programmes to promote health and participation in physical activity. Discuss the potential effectiveness of the new programme that you find.

“This isn't a country,...Its a business” Killing them Softly 2012