Domain V Evolution

Origins of Evolution Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Acquired Characteristics Charles Darwin Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology Thomas Malthus called The Principles of Population 40,000-mile trip on the Beagle

Galapagos Islands What did he find there? What did he find there? Aquatic Aquatic iguanas Giant Tortoises Giant Tortoises Species of finches Species of finches

2 Themes Emerged Variations within a species were dependent on the environment. Organisms on the Galapagos Islands had become geographically separated resulting in reproductive isolation which leads to speciation.

Natural Selection Changes in a population that occur when organisms with favorable variations for that particular environment survive, reproduce and pass these variations on to the next generation.

Darwin’s Theory Decent with modification through natural selection. Decent with modification through natural selection. Environmental Challenges result in certain traits increasing the reproductive fitness of certain individuals within a species. Environmental Challenges result in certain traits increasing the reproductive fitness of certain individuals within a species.

History of Life Types of Evolution Types of Evolution Divergent (Adaptive Radiation) Divergent (Adaptive Radiation) Convergent Convergent Rates of Evolution Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium

Types of Natural Selection Stabilizing Selection Directional Selection Directional Selection Diversifying Selection Diversifying Selection Disruptive Selection Disruptive Selection Balancing Selection Balancing Selection

Diversifying Selection When a population is faced with conditions so diverse that no single phenotype is more successful that any other, genetic and phenotypic variability allow different selective pressures to operate at the same time.

Balancing Selection operates to counteract the loss of variant alleles in a population. Two forms of : heterozygote advantage and frequency- dependent selection.

Biodiversity Resulted from divergent evolution. Resulted from divergent evolution.

Lines of Evidence Incomplete Fossil Record Incomplete Fossil Record >Relative Dating >Relative Dating >Time Averaging >Time Averaging >Radioisotope Dating >Radioisotope Dating Building a Phylogeny Building a Phylogeny >Phylogenetic Tree >Phylogenetic Tree

Mass Extinctions Were catastrophic events the cause of mass extinctions, did they happen quickly or did they occur over a long period of time?

If they occurred over a long period of time, why did the species not adapt to their changing environment in order to survive?

Biological Resistance Oysters in Malpeque Bay Insect Resistance to Insecticides Insect Resistance to Insecticides Viruses Viruses Gene Amplification Gene Amplification