1 Trends and research in GIS ESTP course on Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Use of GIS for making statistics in a production environment Statistics Norway, Oslo, 26th to 30th of March 2012 Attribution (by) Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these. Mrs Diana Makarenko-Piirsalu MSc in Landscape Ecology and Environmental Protection Geolytics OÜ Mere tee 15, Saviranna, Jõelähtme vald, Harjumaa, ESTONIA Mob

Topics: Brief overview of : –Change of the focus in research fields since 1970 –Developments in GIS users –Main challenge in GIS innovation –What is in researchers agenda today? –Trends in technology –Main challenges in producing gridded statistics 2

Trends We try to measure and analyse everything Data availability, sharing, reusing, interoperability is a priority Geodata is not the exemption in this Role of the 3rd sector is increasing Open source software developments GIS is everywhere and for everybody - innovation is more user driven 3

Cyclic innovation 1970s – Focus on Mapping and Display - the research and early applications centered on Computer Mapping 1980s - Focus was on Data Structures and Data management. Linking digital maps to attribute databases for geo-query Next stage - Focus was put on the Analyses on Spatial Data, GIS Modeling for assessing spatial patterns and relations 2000 – Mapping focus - Multimedia Mapping (mapping focus) –Advances in virtual reality –3D visualization Currently the focus is on data/structure, integration of data, interoperability, geocoding and geo tagging In Geospatial analyses the focus is shifting from static coincidence modeling to dynamic flows modeling that tracks movement over space and time in three-dimensional geographic space 4 Source: Joseph K. Berry,

Developments in user community 1970s – First steps in technology development, research focused on data structures, display capabilities, and a few basics operations 1980s - vector processing of discrete spatial objects (point, line, polygon), databases, cartographic modeling took after the traditional manual map analysis, such as intersection, overlay, buffer and geo- quering 90s – maturing GIS, more userfrendly GUI Google Earth, Bing Maps and other digital globe developments General trend : A growing number of general users will become more comfortable with the technology and demand increased capabilities, particularly in spatial analysis, statistics and modeling 5 Source: Joseph K. Berry, Decrease of knowledge of GIS users

Open Source puts pressure to governmental data providers and commercial technology developers Voluntary spatial data creation from users community (OSM) Has put a pressure to official geodata providers to make their data more easily and more widely available –NMA starting to provide free access to their topographic datasets –NSI starting to provide free access to their gridded datasets Open Source software development has put pressure on private companies: Share with others - new business model 6 Source of screen shots:

Trends in technology: – Cloud computing virtualized resources –workloads are allocated among a multitude of interconnected computers acting as a single device dynamically scalable –the system can be easily enlarged; it is a service –software and data components are shared The result is a hosted elsewhere : – for data and services –movement of applications, services, and data from local storage to a dispersed set of servers and datacenters –an advantageous environment for many data heavy and computationally demanding applications, such as geotechnology. 7 Source: Joseph K. Berry, 2010,

Trends in technology: – Cloud computing = hosted elswere 8 Source: Joseph K. Berry, 2010,

What is on the GIS researchers agenda? University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS – Proposes the main emphasises of GIS fields of reasearch: –Spatial Data Acquisition and integration - real time –Cognition of Geographic Information –Scale –Extensions to Geographic Representations –Spatial Analysis and Modeling –Research Issues on Uncertainty in Geographic Data and GIS-Based Analysis –The Future of the Spatial Information Infrastructure –Distributed and Mobile Computing –GIS and Society: Interrelation, Integration and Transformation –Geographic Visualization –Geospatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 9

Main challange - Spatial Data Acquisition and Integration Geodata has become widely available Enormous availability of data on www which can be linked with location Wide variety of technologies GPS, mobile phones, IP addresses (moving objects), and applications (social networks) what contain directly or indirectly geo info Challenges: – How to integrate non- traditional data sources with traditional spatial data automatically, more efficiently and more accurately ? –How to visualize the data more reasonably? 10

An example from Norway Norwegian national migration pattern, created by Even Westvang Data aquisation from tax register linked with location (zip code) and interesting visualisation. –each particle represents a person moving from one ZIP code to another. –The more people moving from point A to point B, the faster the particles move Source: ( national-migration- patterns/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter) national-migration- patterns/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter 11

LBS Mobile Devices Positioning Communication Network Examples: (Source: Brimicombe, A.J GIS – Where are the fronties now? In: Proceedings GIS 2002.

Main challenges in producing and disseminating grid based statistics: More precise downscaling algorithm Automatic data aquisition and integration Visualization 13

THANK YOU VERY MUCH! 14 ESTP course on Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Use of GIS for making statistics in a production environment Statistics Norway, Oslo, 26th to 30th of March 2012 Mrs Diana Makarenko-Piirsalu MSc in Landscape Ecology and Environmental Protection Geolytics OÜ Mere tee 15, Saviranna, Jõelähtme vald, Harjumaa, ESTONIA Mob