Presentation of workshops on environmental sanitation for the 6th year Semester

Topic: "The study of sources of physical factors populated areas "

understand the physical and physiological effects of EMF, noise and vibration. to master the technique of measurement of EMF, noise and vibration.to evaluate the intensity of the field. develop basic measures to reduce EMI noise and vibration in the residential zone and in a residential area.

The student should know: The meaning and legal rules governing the relationship of man to man, society and the environment. Apply the basic provisions of each document in its significance. Features of the organization and conduct of sanitary and epidemiological measures to mitigate the adverse effects of risk factors on health and the environment.

The student should be able to: Implement preventive sanitary supervision on controlled communal facilities. Justify their actions in solving the problem of physical factors. Conduct sanitary inspection of supervision and make the appropriate accounting and reporting documentation.

Physical factors affecting the population is noise, vibration.

Noise in the village is made up of many factors - screen railways; drone aircraft operation of construction equipment, factory floor, household appliances, traffic ( на о (In general up to 80% phonetic sound) бщем фоне - до 80% шума )

An extensive program of housing construction, development and improvement of living conditions in our cities poses hygienists, architects, builders a number of important tasks, one of these tasks is to protect the population from the city noise. Protection against noise should be carried out in accordance with KMK Shaharsozlik.

Protection against noise construction and acoustic methods should be designed on the basis of the acoustic calculation and provide for noise reduction.

a) The use of sound insulation envelope seal design for example chapels, windows, gates, doors, soundproof walling crossing places, utilities, device soundproofed booths monitoring and remote control shelters. B) The use of sound-absorbing structures and screens. B) The use of silencers, sound- absorbing linings in the gas-air line of ventilation systems with mechanical drive and air conditioning systems and gas-dynamic installations. D) the performance of planning and building residential areas, cities and other settlements, in accordance with the main KMC for the planning and building of cities, towns and rural settlements, as well as the use of screens and greenery.

Principles and methods of measuring noise in residential areas, in residential and public buildings are set special documents:

1. The GOST "Traffic in towns" Sanitary rules and norms of planning and building populated areas of Uzbekistan San PIN number Methodical instructions for the bodies and institutions of sanitary - epidemiological service for monitoring the implementation of "Sanitary norms of allowable noise in residential and public buildings and residential areas», № '93

For hygienic assessment of noise should be used measuring instruments, sound level meters, spectrum analyzers, and in special cases, recorders, noise dosimeters, etc. Sound level meters measure the sound pressure level in decibels per octave frequency bands in the range of Hz and sound levels in decibels.

To determine the level of noise generated by traffic on urban highways, using instrumental and computational methods. Measuring traffic noise relating to the non-permanent noise when traffic is less than 500 vehicles per hour is conducted for the most noisy 30 minutes. With the increase in traffic intensity up to 1000 vehicles per hour measurement time can be reduced to 20 minutes, more than 1000 machines to 10 minutes. Measurement noise is produced at 1.2 m from the ground at a distance of 7.5 m from the mid-band traffic. Microphone sound level meter should be turned toward the source of the noise and removed at least 0.5 m from the man. To assess the noise is necessary to determine the sound pressure levels in the calculated points. The required reduction octave sound pressure level shall be determined separately for each noise source, if the calculated point comes the noise from several noise sources. The extensive development of television, radio, radar, expanding the network of high-voltage power lines, the use of high- frequency energy in the various sectors of the economy and in everyday life has led to a significant increase in the level of electromagnetic radiation in the cities and towns.

Electromagnetic waves of various ranges, including radio frequency, in varying degrees, exist in nature, forming a rather permanent, natural background. Fascination with the number and increase in the power of various sources of non-ionizing radiation creates additional artificial electromagnetic field, which could, under certain conditions, an adverse effect on the health of the population. Electromagnetic radiation is a periodically varying electromagnetic field in the space in which the varying electric and magnetic fields are closely interrelated and any change in the electric field gives rise to a magnetic (and vice versa). The term "electromagnetic field of radio waves" includes the entire range of radio frequencies, bounded on one side frequency f = 1012 Hz (wavelength h = 300 km) and the other - the frequency f = 1012 Hz (wavelength h = 0,03 mm). This section of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in broadcasting, television, radar, radio astronomy, and so on. D.

The oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic field is determined by the oscillation frequency of the excitation source and in the process of propagation of radio waves is not changed. The speed of propagation of radio waves in space km / s. Measuring the energy level of the electromagnetic field to control compliance should be carried out on the territory of construction, located in the placement of broadcasting, television, microwave and radar stations in the localities in homes and public buildings.

Determination of noise in the settlements. Place the microphone in the workplace. Measure the intensity of the noise (vibration) in dBA: set the dial to the "sound", a kind of measurement - "ling", a kind of work - "fast", take readings from the instrument as a result of at least 3 measurements, calculate the average value. Measure the noise spectrum (vibration): gender dimensions - to "filter". Switch frequency - in order: 16,32,64, etc. Take readings from the instrument at each frequency. Record results in the measurement protocol. Rate data obtained taking into account the established RC noise or vibration, depending on the studied object.

Determination of EMF in the settlements. For measurements required EMF meter type PEMF-1, PO- 1, EP-9, EP-13; 1. Prepare the gauges to work: to bring the meter in a horizontal position and turn on, warm up for 5 minutes. And lead to "calibrate" the arrow meter lead to zero 2. Connect to the meter elektrodatchikov and necessary antennas. 3. The measurement is performed at certain intervals (25,50,1000 m) from the source of EMF 4. At each point of measurement is carried out at least 3 times. 5. Assessing the level of EPM based SanPin.

 Sources of waste water and their features  methods of mechanical cleaning wastewater.  principle of the circular tanks  device and small sewerage scheme  Biological methods purify household wastewater.  Natural and artificial construction of biological wastewater treatment.  Hygienic requirements conditions descent wastewater.  Methods of treatment of industrial wastewater.  Principles of Operation zagnevatelya settlers.  Evaluating the effectiveness of treatment facilities for technical and hygienic parameters.

 "Summary:  1. "Health" under the guidance of prof. Demidenko NM T  2. Guide to laboratory work on communal hygiene Goncharuk EI Moscow 1990  3. Sh.T.Otaboev, T.I.Iskandarov, G.T.Iskandarova "Kommunal hygiene" Tashkent 2010 th.  4 "Kommunal gigienadan Amal mashgulotlar Uchun ukuv  kullanma. " Edited by Academician Iskandarova TI T. 2006y  5. "Communal Hygiene" E.I.Goncharuk Kiev in 2007 I, II part

 - GT Iskandarova "Regional san. gig. problems of protection of water sources "water inpatient population of Uzbekistan. T  - Health rules and regulations of planning and building of settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan  - Sanitary norms of admissible levels of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies  - Sanitary rules of design and maintenance of cemeteries  - Health rules and regulations and the optimum allowable building density residential areas of cities of Uzbekistan

 - Health rules and regulations design of residential houses in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan  - Health rules and regulations setting up and maintaining public toilets  - Hygiene requirements for institutions, organizations, companies and individuals involved in the disinfection activities  - Health rules and regulations for the use of mobile phones  - Lecture materials.

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