Unit 13: Prokaryotes Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book

4 - Kingdoms 2-Domains

DOMAIN “Eubacteria”

Eschericia coli Monera -diagram

DNA ejected from E. coli 1000 times length of cell. Cell treated with enzyme to weaken cell wall.

Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission

Bacterial flagella flagellum

Bacterial capsules

Photosynthetic bacteria photosynthetic bacteria

Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria

Bacteriophage and single strand of DNA

Gene cloning by bacteria.

Root Nodule nodule

Exercise 1: Bacterial types

Exercise 1: Bacteria Types - rod shaped individual cell in chain (not filamentous)

Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spherical shaped cluster of many cells

Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spiral shaped individual cell

Exercise 2: Demonstration Slides

Exercise 2 Demonstartion Slides On the Side table are several microscopes set up to demonstrate the following bacteria: 1.Neisseria gonorrhoeae – “Gonorrhoeae” Cocci, gram negative 2.Borrelia burgdorferi – “Lyme disease” 3.Salmonella enteritidis - “Salmonella” gram negative 4.Treponema sp. - “Syphilis” 5.Bacterial flagella – special stain to show flagella

Exercise 3: Living Cultures of Eubacteria

1.Obtain a dry microscope slide. 2.Your instructor will dispense to you one of the following living bacteria. 1.Bacillus megaterium 2.Spirillium volutans 3.After observing place slide in the disinfectant container on table.

Exercise 4: Extracellular Digestion Compare the results of the extracellular digestion demonstration on the two different Bacillus bacteria.

Extra cellular Digestion Starch Agar Bacillus subtilis No iodine

Iodine added Starch AgarBacillus subtilis Extra cellular Digestion

Starch Agar Bacillus brevis No iodine

Extra cellular Digestion Starch Agar Bacillus brevis Iodine B. brevis lack the enzyme to digest starch

Exercise 5: Effect of Antibiotics on Bacteria

6. Bacteria cell wall Bacteria cell wall:: upper gram positive -- cell wall consists of thick peptidoglycan layers. Lower: Gram negative --- thick outer layer of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide; inner layer thin layer of peptidoglycan. Eukayotic cells do not have peptidoglycans-- penicillin has no effect on them. Gram negative cells do not have cross links in the peptidoglycan layer and are not susceptible to penicillin. Gram “+” and “-”

E. Coli Gram (-) CIP C SSS S AM CB E N TE P GM CC

Bacillus meg. Gram (+) CIP C SSS CC E N TE P S AM CB GM

E. Coli (-) & Bacillus meg. (+) ECCGMNP

Bacillus megaterium (Gram +)

E. Coli (Gram -)

Bacillus megateriumE. coli

Exercise 6: Living Cultures of Cyanobacteria

DOMAIN Eubacteria “Blue-greens” Cyanobacteria

Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone, Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

thermozonation = different species communities

Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone, Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus

Ocillatoria living cyanobacteria individual cell in filament

Anabaena

See page 290 Fig of Biology of Plants for explanation

Gloeocapsa

Lyngbyna

Macrocystus

Spiralina

DOMAIN“Archaea” Exercise 7 Archaea 1.Obtain prepared slide # 65a 2.This slide has a mix of three Archaea bacteria. 1.Halobacteria salinarium – small rods. 2.Methanomonas methylovara – larger rods. 3.Halococcus agglomeratus – coccus.

An Universal evolutionary Tree as determined by comparing sequences of Ribosomal RNA Biology of Plants: Fig 13-8 page 270

Biology of Plants: Table 13-3 page 271

Exercise 8 How Diseases Spread Follow instructions on handout

The End We hope you have enjoyed this presentation on Bacteria life and you will come again next week to see the exciting world of Fungi!!