Victory in Europe Chapter 27, Section 3

Review U.S. first offensive in Europe started out rather cautiously. What was this offensive called? What was the plan? Allies now going into the soft underbelly of Europe

Allied Attacks in the Mediterranean

Allied Attacks in the Mediterranean Invasion of Italy North Africa offered a gateway to Sicily July 1943 – Allied troops subdued Sicily in a little over a month Guided by George S. Patton Italian king named new prime minister to replace Mussolini and ordered his arrested. Germans took Mussolini – set up a base for him in northern Italy January 1944 – Allies landed in south Rome at Anzio Rome falls to U.S. and Britain 1945 – Germans occupying Italy defeated; Mussolini captured and shot by Italian rebels Question: Why was losing Italy an important defeat to the Axis powers?

Sea and Air Assaults German U-boats continued to take a toll on allied ships, lives, and supplies Battle of the Atlantic turned in the Allies favor because of refined sonar equipment. Uses sound waves to detect underwater objects Allies developed fast escort ships for convoys Allies air bombed German U-boats and submarine yards 1944 – Allies won Battle of the Atlantic

Creative Representation After being cautious at the beginning of the war, the Allies were starting to turn the war in Europe to their favor. Draw an image or icon that represents this problem and how it worked in America Surround your image with a word cloud including at least 5 nouns, 5 verbs, and 5 adjectives Discuss and develop with your partner You have 6 minutes

Operation Overlord Allied invasion of German-occupied France U.S. Army chief of staff and key allied strategist George C. Marshall led the planning General Dwight D. Eisenhower led the invasion Dummies and false clues installed to convince Germans the invasion would be near Calais on the English Channel Instead, Allies landed farther north in Normandy on D- Day June 6, 1944

Operation Overlord General Omar Bradley led troops that landed at Normandy Planes dropped 23,000 airborne troops Bombed roads, bridges, and German troop concentrations

Operation Overlord Germans fortified Normandy beaches with concrete bunkers, tank traps, and mines Allied campaign of disinformation and distraction had done its job Hitler refused to send reinforcements to Normandy because he believed the main invasion would be elsewhere

Operation Overlord Success: 20 miles into France by early July Liberated Paris on August 25, 1944 Early September – 2 million Allied troops landed in western Europe

Video Answer these questions while watching the video: How did the men prepare for D-Day? How did their generals attempt to keep morale up, knowing their men would most likely die in battle? Cite specific examples. Write down specific strategic information pertaining to D- Day that you saw in the video. How did Saving Private Ryan depict the chaos that ensued on D-Day?

The Holocaust Nazi Germany’s systematic slaughter of European Jews, Gypsies, Poles, mentally disabled, and religious and political prisoners. Made camps specifically for genocide Deliberate annihilation of an entire people Nazis called the extermination program the “final solution of the Jewish problem”

Defeating Germany Hitler refused to give up.

Battle of the Bulge September 1944 – Allies crossed German border Germans launch final counterattack Thickly wooded Ardennes region of Belgium and northern France Pushed to create a dangerous bulge in the Allied lines 200,000 Germans vs. 80,000 U.S. troops Allied generals rushed in reinforcements and pushed Germans back

Video Answer these questions while watching the video: What is Germany’s strategy at the Battle of the Bulge? How does the situation for the Americans get worse? Why were Americans refreshed by the victory in the Ardennes?

The Yalta Conference February 1945 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin met to plan for postwar peace

The Yalta Conference Stalin pledged to declare war on Japan three months after Germany’s surrender Agreed to divide and occupy Germany after the war and outlined plans for a new international peace organization

Presidency Urgency of the war effort convinced President Roosevelt to run for an unprecedented fourth term Missouri Senator, Harry S. Truman as his running mate Roosevelt won the election

The Race to Berlin Early months of 1945 – Allied bombers continued to blast German cities Leipzig and Berlin March 1945 – Allied troops crossed the Rhine River from the west and drove into the heart of Germany Soviet troops occupied much of eastern Europe April 1945 – Allied advance halted at the Elbe River

End of the Fuhrer April 30, 1945 – Hitler committed suicide in his bunker deep under the ruins of Berlin. May 7, 1945 – Germany surrendered unconditionally May 8, 1945 – known as V-E (Victory in Europe) Day Marked the formal end of a brutal war that held Europe in its grip for more than five years

Video Answer these questions while watching the video: How did the Allies celebrate their victory over Germany? What was President Truman’s message to the American people?