Investigation Of Leaf & Fruit Morphological Characteristics Of Tow Quercus Species (Oak) In The Forest Of Guilan Province

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Objects We have undertaken this study to determinate morphological characters of leaf and fruit in different ecotypes of two species Q. macrenthera & Q. castaneifolia. 4

Introduce of Fagaceae family The family Fagaceae or beech family includes 9 genera and ca species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. Genera of Fgaceae dominate forests in the tropical, temperate and cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The memberes of family Fagaceae are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. 5

Introduce of Fagaceae genera The Fagaceae genera including: 1-Trigonobalanus Forman. 2-Lithocarpus Bl. 3-Castanopsis Spach. 4-Castanea L. 5-Fagus L. 6-Quercus L. 7-Chrysolepis Hjelmquist. 8-Colombobalanus Nixon & Crepet. 9-Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet. 6

Quercus L. The genus Quercus (oak) includes several sections that has contains more than 500 species in the world. Quercus macranthera- Caucasian Oak or Persian oak belongs to Mesobalanus Section and is adapted to growing in high mountainous area. Quercus castaneifolia- Chestnut-leaved Oak belongs to Cerris Section and is adapted to growing in lowland. 7

Material & Methods  In order to research leaf & fruit morphological characters of two Quercus species in the the forest of Guilan province samples were collected from 13 ecotypes.  In each ecotype were established average of 3-5 plates 100 m² and in each plat 5-8 samples were selected randomly. Addition 310 samples were collected.  After collective samples were measure 9 & 11 morphological special characteristics in fruit & leaf respectively. These characters include 7 qualitative & 13 quantitative attributes. 8

Material & Methods The leaf characters that were measured and recorded including: Leaf length(cm) Leaf wide(cm) leaf wide (excluding dentate) Teeth number Petiole length Nerve number Leaf apex form Blade base form Blade form Leaf margin Qualitative characters Quantitative characters 9

Material & Methods The fruit characters that were measured and recorded including: Nut Length (cm) Nut diagonal (cm) style length (cm) Pedcel Length (cm) diagonal of Cupule (cm) Spiral Number Cupule Length (cm) nut shap cupule sheap Qualitative characters Quantitative characters 10

Material & Methods Finally the data were analyzed by using Minitab ver. 14 software and SPSS ver

Result 12 CVAverageMaxMinUnitCharacters 38% cm Leaf length 25% cm Leaf wide 13.8% cm leaf wide (excluding dentate) 8%8-9128cm Teeth number 11.5% cm Petiole length Table 1: the obtained result of analyze quantitative characters in the leaf Quercu castaneifolia

Result 13 CVAverageMaxMinUnitCharacters 32% cm Leaf length 26% cm Leaf wide 14.5% cm leaf wide (excluding dentate) 11%7-8106cm Teeth number 7% cm Petiole length Table 2: the obtained result of analyze quantitative characters in the leaf Quercus macranthera

Result 14 Table 3: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus castaneifolia percent Most frequent shape Characters 86%AcuteAcute-- obtuse Leaf apex form 75%symmetrical Oblique- symmetrical Blade base form 82%Long ovate Long ovate –oblong ovate-elliptic Blade form 100%dentate Leaf margin

Result 15 percent Most frequent shape Characters 79%obtuseAcute- obtuse Leaf apex form 83%Oblique Oblique- symmetrical Blade base form 78%ObovateObovate -ellipticBlade form 100%dentate Leaf margin Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus macranthera

Result 16 Qualitative characters of the leaf Quercus macrantheraQuercus castaneifolia

Result 17 CVAverageMaxMinUnit Characters 12% cmNut Length (cm 10% cm Nut diagonal (cm) 5% Spiral Number 8% cm Pedcel Length(cm) 3% cm style length(cm) 9% cm diagonal of Cupule (cm) 8% cm Cupule Length Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus macranthera

Result 18 CVAverageMaxMinUnit Characters 29% cm Nut Length (cm 17% cm Nut diagonal (cm) 12% Spiral Number 6% cm Pedcel Length(cm) 4% cm style length(cm) 14% cm diagonal of Cupule (cm) 10% cm Cupule Length Table 4: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in thefruit Quercus castaneifolia

Result 19 percent Must frequency shape Characters 63%elliptic cylindrical- elliptic- ovate nut shape 71%cylindricalRound-cylindricalCopula shape Table 5: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in the fruit Quercus castaneifolia

Result 20 percent Must frequency shape Characters 82%ellipticcylindrical- ellipticnut shape 76%RoundRound-cylindricalCopula shape Table 6: the obtained results of analyzing qualitative Characters in fruit Quercus macranthera

21 Result Quercus macrantheraQuercus castaneifolia Qualitative characters of the fruit

Discussion In this investigation there were morphological characters there were diversity in leave & fruits in different ecotypes, therefore we can categorize ecotypes with special morphological characters. 22

Discussion 23 Quercus castaneifolia Lahijan zemeydan vilqage-L.Satl sar Saravan Masule Talesh-baresar Lakan SHandermN Quercus castaneifolia-leaf

Discussion 24 Quercus macranthera- leaf Asalem -Khalkhal Road Asalem – Kiere Amarlu

Discussion 25 Lahijan zemeydan village Saravan- Masule Lahijan.Satl sar Talesh-Baresar Quercus Castaneifolia- Fruit

Discussion 26 Quercus macranthera- Fruit Amarlu Asalem – Kiere Asalem -Khalkhal Road

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