People and Environment Inhabitants adapt to their surroundings Yet can also alter the physical landscape –cutting trees for farming/grazing –damming rivers/building cities

Population Density Average number of people in a square mile/kilometer Way to figure if region can hold population Calculation: Total population of region/land area Pull out cell phone/calculator

Population Growth Drastic increase has occurred in last century –Effects - famine, disease, resource depletion or increased productivity –SOLUTIONS? –Well, 1 student said it best “Stop having kids!”

Look at the Population Carefully million million ,260 million ,650 million ,555 million ,080 million * in 50 years pop. doubled Why?

Growth Rates Birthrate - # of births each year per 1,000 people Death rate - # of deaths each year per 1,000 people We will do complex calculations dealing with these

Immigrants/Emigrants Immigrant - people moving into country Emigrant - people moving out of country

“Zero Population Growth” Combined birthrate and immigration rate = combined death rate and emigration rate For you math students: br + immigration = dr + emigration “Stop having kids!”

Population Patterns People are moving to cities and surrounding suburbs from rural areas (countrysides) Urbanization - growth of city population Why are people moving to the cities?

Why do we live where we live? 5 Things That Help Determine Where We Live Near coasts Near rivers Flat terrain Temperate climates Fertile soil * What are our 3 BASIC NEEDS? - FOOD, WATER, SHELTER

3 Areas of Greatest Population Density

Culture Passed on through generations Changes rather slowly Can be material (things people make by hand) or nonmaterial (religion, language, behavior)

Language Communication or how they pass on thoughts/ideas Those who speak the same language generally share customs

Religion Helps answer what is meaning of life –usually supports values of region Monotheism - belief in one god Polytheism - belief in more than one god

Social Organization Hierarchy of social classes or status (based on money, education, jobs, ancestry)

Characteristics of Country Defined territory Population Sovereignty - rule’s itself Government

Territory All land and water within its borders

Sovereignty Country that can rule and protect itself through its own policies

Government Structure Gov. contain smaller units (states, provinces, republics) –Unitary - central gov. makes laws for everyone –Federal - some power to CG, some to states –Confederation - states keep sovereignty, CG limited

Government Control 1. Authoritarian - leaders hold all power –Dictatorship - power given to person/small group –Totalitarianism - gov. controls everything (politics, economy) –Monarchy - rule through family 2. Democracy - people choose leaders to represent them

Economic Systems 1. Capitalism - people determine what/how much produced by buying –Gov. should have no part in economy

2. Communism State makes all economic decisions –owns operates farms, factories, business –sets personal salary

3. Socialism Mixed economy - part state ran/ part capitalist - jointly making decisions –Wealth distributed more equally where everyone entitled to certain services (“Welfare States”)

Now it is time for The Simpsons This does have educational value, so do not get too excited You need to use the Government Control slide for the worksheet