Table 1. Full-Time Faculty in Higher Education, by Race/Ethnicity 1995 to Total%Total%Total%Change Total Faculty 550,822100%675,624100%703,463100%28% White468, %527, %540, %15% Black26,8354.9%35,4585.2%37,9305.4%42% Hispanic12,9422.3%22,8183.4%24,9753.6%93% Asian American 27,5725.0%48,4577.2%53,6617.6%95% Native American 2,1560.4%3,2310.5%3,3400.5%55% International10,8532.0%28,0574.2%31,2224.4%188% 1 Note. African American (5.4%), Hispanic (3.6%), Asian American (7.6%), and Native American (0.5%) faculty made up about 17% of full-time faculty in fall 2007 (Snyder et al., 2009).

Table 2a. Full-Time Faculty Tenure Status, by Race/Ethnicity: Fall TotalTotal Full-Time FacultyFaculty with Tenure Number%Number% Full-Time Faculty 703,463100%290,581100% Race/ethnicity White, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic540, %240,91183% African American/Black African American/Black37,9305.4%13,3884.6% Hispanic Hispanic24,9753.6%9,5683% Asian/Pacific Islanders Asian/Pacific Islanders53,6617.6%20,4407% Native American Native American3,3400.5%1,2680.4% International International31,2224.4%2,8481% 2 Note. Most full-time faculty with tenure are White (83%) and less so are faculty of color.

Table 3. Full- and Part-Time Faculty and Instructional Staff in US Colleges and Universities, by Race/Ethnicity: Fall 1992 and %Change Full %Change Part Totals (in thousands) FullPartFullPartFullPart %77% Race/ethnicity White White % 50% African American African American % 169% Hispanic Hispanic % 138% Asian/Pacific Islanders Asian/Pacific Islanders % 104% Native American Native American % 57% 3 Note. From 1992 to 2007, there was a 50% increase in White part-time faculty; but there were larger proportional increases of 169% for Black, 138% for Hispanic, and 104% for Asian American part-time faculty and instructional staff.

Figure 1. Base Salary of Full-Time Instructional Faculty at US Colleges and Universities, by Gender and Race/Ethnicity {NCES Data, 2002} 4 Note. US dollar amounts in thousands. In 1998, Asian American faculty base salaries ($62,800) were higher on average than White ($57,000) and Hispanic ($54,400) faculty base salaries, which were higher than Black faculty ($50,400) base salaries. Resource: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education (Bradburn & Sikora, 2002).

Challenges associated with recruiting, hiring, retaining, securing tenure, and promoting faculty diversity: 1. Few students of color in KPE programs and academic pipeline to create a sufficient pool of qualified candidates from which to expand faculty diversity. 2. Faculty of color are often not connected to the primary networks of senior faculty/administrators at doctoral-degree granting universities. 3. Hesitancy to hire faculty of color. 4. Credibility of degrees earned at Hispanic-serving institutions and HBCUs questioned. 5. Lack of specific programs designed to recruit and retain faculty of color. 6. Recent trend of hiring faculty of one particular ethnic minority group while neglecting other underrepresented groups. 7. Reports of racism, isolation, and marginalization within KPE programs. 5

Table 4. Degrees conferred in Parks, Recreation, & KPE, by Race/Ethnicity: Bachelor‘sMaster‘sDoctoral Total% % % Total Degrees PR and KPE 27,430100%4, % % White White21, %3, %13462% Black Black2,5579.3%3749.1%125.5% Hispanic Hispanic1,8306.7%1343.3%73% Asian Asian8523.1%1132.7%136% Native American Native American2420.9%270.7%00% International International4821.8%2295.6%5224% 6 Note. In , most degrees conferred in our disciplines (e.g., exercise science, kinesiology, PE) were awarded to Whites and African Americans were awarded less than 6% of the doctoral degrees.