DRUGS, THE BIG PICTURE WHAT ARE THEY CALLED ? HOW ARE THEY TAKEN ? HOW DO THEY AFFECT THE BODY ? WHO TAKES THEM AND WHY ?

DRUGS Learning Objectives 1.State different drugs which athletes use to enhance their performance 2.Explain the effects of drugs on the body and performance

Smoking, good or bad?

Socially Acceptable Drugs Smoking Nicotine A poison Addictive Increases heart rate and blood pressure Causes heart disease Tar Treacly, brown substance that collects in the lungs Clogs the lungs and stops you breathing properly It fills the alveoli reducing lung volume meaning you tire quicker Causes bronchitis and lung cancer Carbon Monoxide A poisonous gas in the smoke Red blood cells pick it up instead of oxygen meaning less oxygen reaches the muscles In UK people (approx) die from diseases caused by smoking and 2000 have legs amputated

What’s in a Cigarette Ammonia –Gas found in floor cleaner and fertilizer DDT –An insecticide Phenol –Toilet Cleaner Cadmium –Found in car batteries Arsenic –A neuron inhibiting poison

What’s in a cigarette Naphthalene –Found in explosive Carbon Monoxide –Up to 15% of this gas may be found in a smokers blood replacing oxygen. Tar –Carcinogenetic deposits' in lungs Nicotine –Makes cigarettes addictive

Cigarettes can also contain Chocolate –Used as a flavouring in the butts Vanilla –Give a smoother cooler taste

In the UK around  people a year die from diseases caused by smoking. In the UK around 110,000 people a year die from diseases caused by smoking. Sensible drinking for men is thought to be  units per week Sensible drinking for men is thought to be <21 units per week  % of boys age years smoke regularly in the UK 18 % of boys age years smoke regularly in the UK In the UK each year,  people have limbs amputated as a result of smoking In the UK each year, 2000 people have limbs amputated as a result of smoking

There is no safe level of smoking. Every cigarette is dangerous. This is what you get when you inhale cigarette smoke…

How Smoking Affects Sporting Performance - Reduced Lung Efficiency Bronchial hairs are damaged & dust clogs the lungs affecting their lung efficiency. - Reduced Oxygen Carrying Ability Carbon monoxide gets into the lungs & into the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, affecting performance particularly in endurance events. - Reduced Fitness Levels Fitness levels are reduced because of the damage to the circulatory & respiratory systems.

- Lowered Resistance to Illness Chest infections, & colds are caught more often. These will affect a persons training & ability to compete effectively. - Raised Blood Pressure – Nicotine releases hormones which increases heart rate, & cause the heart to work harder.

 Raises Heart Rate, blood pressure  Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen carrying capacity  Development of cholesterol deposits on the artery walls. Lung Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease Lung Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease Shortness of breath + chronic smoker's cough Shortness of breath + chronic smoker's cough

During Exercise, Smokers : Are more easily exhausted Suffer shortness of breath Have reduced endurance Are slower too react Have poorer visual judgement

Peer pressure Boredom Social Stress Image Enjoys with a drink Maybe possibly due to the fact their parents smoked arousal Why do people smoke?

Peer pressure People around you smoke Routine Lack of will power Habit Chemical addiction Fear of gaining weight Think it is too late Loss of personal time Why is it hard to give up?

ALCOHOL A depressant drug; slows down the brain

Alcohol Alcohol is a legal & commonly available drug. Can become addictive Alcohol needs no digesting & passes straight into the bloodstream. Alcohol is also a depressant, can affect a persons judgement, self-control & co-ordination.

Socially Acceptable Drugs Alcohol All alcoholic drinks contain ethanol which makes people drunk Affects co-ordination, judgement, balance, speech and hearing Can make people aggressive Causes blood vessels to dilate so body heat is lost Lowers glycogen levels in your muscles Long term abuse leads to kidney and liver damage Banned in sports such as motor sports, archery, shooting

Alcohol Alcohol effects all cells in the body, where ever the blood goes alcohol. Alcohol (ethyl alcohol, ethanol) is a drug, but technically it can also be classified as a nutrient because it provides energy, about 7 kcal per gram. The effects of alcohol are dependant on the blood alcohol concentration.

Alcohol Alcohol may influence both psychological and physiological processes related to physical performance. Psychologically, alcohol may benefit performance by increasing self-confidence, decreasing sensitivity to pain, or removing psychological barriers to performance. However, the most prevalent use of alcohol in sports competition is related to its ability to reduce excess anxiety.

Alcohol Alcohol has been shown to inhibit performance in tests of strength, speed and endurance. In professional sport the consumption of alcohol is usually banned 48hrs pre performance. Effects hydration levels and sleep patterns. Alcohol should be avoided post performance and training as it can impair recovery rates.

½ pint of regular beer / lager 1 small glass of wine 1 pub measure of spirits Each of these contains one unit of alcohol

It affects the coordination, judgement, balance, speech and hearing. It lowers the level of glycogen in muscles. So they can’t work so long and hard. HANGOVER – partly de-hydration. Athletes lose the drive to compete and train. Long term alcohol abuse = kidney and liver damage. Effects of alcohol on the body

Effects of Alcohol on Sporting Performance - Reduced co-ordination, Slower Reaction Time & Poorer Balance These changes affect our movement & skills. - Dehydration Alcohol increases urine production & leads to water loss. Dehydration seriously affects performance during endurance events. - Rapid Heat Loss Blood vessels in the skin open up, & heat is lost quickly, reducing body temperature. - Longer Injury Recovery Time Alcohol reduces the amount of blood flowing in an injured area.

- Reduced Size of Arteries Less blood can flow in arteries, leading to a raised pulse & higher blood pressure. - Vomiting, Liver & Kidney Damage, Weight Gain, Aggression, Brain Damage, Depression & Stomach disorders

Effect of AlcoholExample of how performance is affected Impairs concentration Slows reflexes Impairs reaction time Reduces co-ordination Loss of balance Increased weight

Friends Overcome shyness – be more confident Boredom Relax/unwind Socialise Celebrate Taste Why do people drink?

(2007)

Match the components to the damage they cause Cause addiction to smoking cigarettes May cause lung cancer Is carried instead of oxygen in red blood cells Carbon monoxide Nicotine Tar