Population Census of Cambodia By Mrs. Hang Lina DDG-NIS, MOP Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Program on Population and Housing Census: Census Evaluation and PES, Bangkok Thailand, May, 2010

2Contents  Background  Objectives  Time-line  Legal Basis of 2008 Population Census  Pre-census activities  Census organization and administration  Advocacy and public information campaign  Census methodology, questionnaires and manuals  Recruitment and training of personnel  Enumeration phase  Post Enumeration Survey  First census outcome  Editing, coding, data entry, tabulation  Lessons learned  Constraints and problems  Planned reporting  Dissemination  Census funding sources

3 Background Background  1962 Census (pop. = 5.7 million)  1998 Census: the first census post Khmer Rouge. 36 year interval since last census.  2008 Cambodia Population Census: 10 year interval since 1998 census.  The majority of the 1998 Population Census was supported by UNFPA  2008 Population Census is supported by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Japan, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Germany, and Cambodia

4 Objectives  Provide basic demographic information  Provide updated population and development indicators  Provide trends and patterns in fertility, mortality, migration and other demographic and socio-economic variables.  To monitor and formulate the National and decentralized plans  Provide a sampling frame.  Establish a population database.

5 Timeline –Dec 07 to Feb 08: Final Census Trainings –29 Feb to 2 Mar 08: Final Household listing –3-13 March 08: Full census enumeration –Sept 08: Preliminary census results - Sep Release of final results - Sep Analyze, evaluate, and disseminate main census results

6 Legal Basis of 2008 Population Census  Statistics Law enacted 19 May, 2005  Sub-Decree on The Organization and Functioning of The National Statistics System, 26 January, 2007  Sub-Decree on The Organization and Implementation of The General Population Census of Cambodia 2008, 30 January, 2006

7 Pre-census activities (1)  Census mapping: (fully supported by JICA) –30 National Institute of Statistics (NIS) staff have been trained –Base on available maps from1998, and additional some satellite commune maps from JICA. –30 NIS staff were visiting all over the country –Updated the maps by 28,258 handwritten Enumeration Area (EA) maps (smaller than village)

8 Pre-census activities (2) –One EA = 120 households or less –EA is a part of village or a full village –GPS has been used for pointing village chief ’ s places. –In 1998 Population Census, maps were sketched drawing by hand only. –In 2008 Population Census, maps have been developed with Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies and digital maps with villages boundaries.

9 Census Organization –National Level: National Census Committee, Census Technical Committee, Census Advocacy Committee –Provincial and District Level Census Committees –120 regional census officers (1 regional census officer and 4 assistant regional officers per province). –72 provincial census officers, 500 field trainers, 370 district census officers, 1,621 commune census officers, 14,088 village census officers, 28,054 enumerators, 7,014 supervisors, 500 translators and additional supervisors/enumerators for special settlements.

10

11 Census Advocacy  Commence in June  TV and Radio were a main channel for census publicity.  Other means were newspapers, street banners, T-shorts, bags, leaflets and posters.  Census publicity materials were successfully distributed throughout the country in advance.

12 Census Methodology, Questionnaires and Manuals  The de facto method was adopted.  Questionnaires and manuals were finalized based on user requirements, lessons learned and international/UN guidelines.  Add new survey items (disability, economic activities, maternal mortality data)

13 Census Recruitment  Local Enumerators and Supervisors recruited based on an agreed criteria.  The majority of supervisors and enumerators are primary teachers at the local areas.  As some people may not understand Khmer in some places, translators were appointed.

14 Census Training  Sensitization of senior officials of the Ministry of Planning on key census concepts and questionnaire contents;  National level training of NIS senior officers/PCO and deputies, ROs, AROs, and trainers of training (TOT) with assistance from census advisers;  Provincial training of selected supervisors and trainers  District level training of supervisors, enumerators, district, and commune officers.

15 The Enumeration Phase  Mapping and house listing 29 Feb -2 Mar 08  Enumeration homeless pop. Midnight 3 Mar08  Census Enumeration Mar 08  Receive completed forms Mar 08  Check and verification 16 Mar-16 Apr08

16 Post-Enumeration Survey (1)  Conducted immediately after the census.  It was conducted in 100 selected EAs.  The main objective is to estimate the coverage and contents errors in the census

17 Post-Enumeration Survey (2)  The PES was implemented in three distinct stages of operation: –Enumerated all households in selected EAs. –Matched the census forms with the PES forms. –Checked unmatched forms in the field.

18 First census outcome  Preliminary results were released in 3 Sep.2008  Draft report on the PES, 9 Dec. 2008

19 Editing and coding  Editing63 staff including supervisors  Coding39 staff including supervisors  Industry coding uses UN ’ s ISIC Rev. 4  Occupation coding uses UN ’ s ISCO-08

20 Data Entry  Data entry : 134 operators + supervisors. Traditional key-in data capture was adopted. 100 PCs were planned and 140 PCs were actually used to capture the data of population more than 13 millions in 7 months (Aug – Feb. 2009)  CSPro is used for data entry and cleaning. IMPS is used for tabulation

21 Tabulation  National level of 67 priority tables were printed and have been being checked.  Sub-national level of 67 priority tables will be produced and divided into 62,000 sub- tables.  Other than the priority tables, JICA Experts have been assisting the NIS in producing a number of supplementary tables.

22 Lessons learned (1)  Local primary school teachers served as enumerators and supervisors.  District and commune official assisted PCO in census administration and supervision.  The census advocacy broadcast by TV and Radio are more effective.  The Prime Minister message released during the enumeration operation.

23 Lessons learned (2)  Training was arranged at three levels: –National level (120 ROs/AROs, and PCOs) –Provincial level (500 field trainers) –Selected training center in districts(7,014 supervisors and 28,054 enumerators)  The field supervision led by Senior Minister of the MOP with UNFPA, JICA, Embassy of Germany, and senior officers of the MOP was very effective to get the understanding of the public at large.  The reports from field supervisory staff helped the NIS understand the real situation of census operation and data quality.

24 Constraints (1)  Low allocation of funds in the government budget.  Transportation and cost to remote areas and islands.

25 Constraints (2)  National capacity building is achieved notably in the areas of questionnaire design, logistics arrangement, data collection, training of field staff, editing and coding of census schedules, data entry and dissemination of results. In the more technical areas like census analysis and computer programming, however, capacity building is limited.

26 Problems faced  There were some problems at the household listing as households increased. In some EAs, the households increased to three or four times as compared with the results of the census mapping. Therefore the NIS faced the problem to print and send additional forms to the relevant EAs.  Printing a large volume of census forms and distributing them to the field on time was very crucial.

27 Planned Reporting  Census Tables and Main Census results – July 2009  Release of final results – Sep  Printing tables and analytical reports – from Dec  Holding dissemination seminars for government planners, stakeholders, and data users – from Sep. 2009

28 Dissemination (1)  Hard Copy: –Final Census Report –Provincial Census Reprts –Census Atlas –Pamphlet –Analytical reports - fertility, mortality, Nuptiality, Disability, migration, gender, labor, employment, literacy, and education, Housing amenity, Population Projections, Urban Development –Statistical maps

29 Dissemination (2)  Electronic Media (Website and CD/DVD): –Tables and Table retrieval system –Micro-data retrieval system –Statistical maps –CamInfo/Superstar (CamInfo using Census Data, and potential use of SuperStar online and offline)

30 Dissemination (3)  Workshop –National level –Provincial level –District level

31 Census funding  Original budget is US$ 5,956,480  UNFPA: US$ 1,464,711  German: US$ 1,549,000  JICA: US$ 568,230  JCPF: US$ 1,686,656 (1,968,212 including establishment listing and furniture of building )  Royal Government (including cars): US$ 746,758  Govt. of Japan provided one new NIS building (US$ 946,433). It was inaugurated by Deputy Prime Minister and Vice Minister of Japan, in January, 2008.

32 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION