Weather & Climate --chapter 3--

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Presentation transcript:

Weather & Climate --chapter 3--

I. Factors Affecting Climate Weather? Climate?

What happens to the sun’s energy when it reaches Earth? Solar energy & Heat energy?

The Greenhouse Effect

Global Warming Causes?

Air/Atmospheric Pressure What happens when you climb in elevation? High vs. Low? Warm vs. Cold?

Air Pressure Zones Purpose? What drives them?

Global Wind Belts Wind always flows from pressure to Global Energy Balance? Prevailing Winds? Doldrums? Westerlies? Front? Jet Streams?

Ocean Currents Oceans affect climate? Global Energy Exchange? Warm vs. Cool currents?

II. Weather Factors Precipitation? Evaporation? Humidity? Condensation?

Elevation & Mountain Effects Temp. drops 3.5° / 1,000 feet of elevation. Orographic Effect?

Land & Sea Breezes Wind = HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE!

Storms

III. Climate & Vegetation Patterns Factors that affect climate: Temperature Precipitation Elevation Continental or Maritime location Latitude

Tropical Humid Climate Temps. & Precip.? Why? 65 to over 450 inches/year

Tropical Wet & Dry Climate Just north & south of Trop. Humid Distinct rainy & dry seasons More seasonal changes than Trop. Humid Supports savannas: grasslands w/scattered trees & shrubs Monsoon influence

Tropical Wet and Dry Climate

Arid Climate Latitude? Pressure Zone? Precip = <10 inches/yr. Largest Dry Desert = Sahara

Semiarid Climate (Steppe) Transition zone betw. Arid & Humid Short grass vegetation Trees are rare…only found along river banks Poor farming practices & overgrazing turn some steppes into deserts

Mid-Latitude Climates (Temperate) 1. Mediterranean Climate Between 30° - 40° North & South Western/Southern coastal areas of Europe West coast of continents w/cool currents Avg. Winter temps = 50s

2. Humid Subtropical Climate Eastern side of continents w/warm ocean currents Hot/humid summers w/mild winters Large temperate forests (deciduous & coniferous)

3. Marine West Coast climate Heavily influenced by oceans Found on west coast of continents in upper middle latitudes Mild temps all year round

Marine West Coast Climate

4. Humid Continental climate Found in areas that receive both warm & cold air Hot, humid summers w/cold winters Interiors & east coasts of upper-middle latitude continents 4 distinct seasons

High Latitude Climates 1. Subarctic: Found in high latitudes of Europe, Asia & N. America Long, dark, cold winters Temps below freezing for 6 months Short summers can have warm temps Greatest temp. range Supports large boreal (evergreen) forests

2. Tundra climate: Long, cold winters Temps only above freezing during short summers Supports tundra vegetation—mosses, herbs, low shrubs Water & soil below surface remains frozen all year --> permafrost

Tundra Climate

3. Ice Cap climate Cold temps & snow all year round Found in polar regions Precip = <10 inches!

Ice Cap Climate

4. Highland climate Temp changes w/increased elevation Temp drops 3.5 degrees every 1,000 ft.

Highland Climate