Cataloging Sound Recordings with RDA

Credits: Sound Recordings Cataloging Workshop / Jay Weitz (Online Audiovisual Catalogers Conference 2012) RDA Basics: Sound Recordings /Kathy Glennan (2011) RDA: Special Formats Training / Jim Soe Nyun (UC San Diego) (2013) Best Practices for Music Cataloging using RDA and MARC 21 (Feb. 2013 Draft) / Music Library Association

Sound Recordings: Type Code Type j: Musical Sound Recording Type i: Nonmusical Sound Recording Nonmusical sounds (e.g., speech) Sound effects Bird calls and animal sounds Physical exercise recordings (e.g., aerobic workouts) that consist of spoken, SHOUTED, sung or chanted instructions over musical accompaniment Stories read over incidental music accompaniment Plays with incidental music

Preferred Source of Information 2.2.2.4 Other Resources ..use as the preferred source, as applicable: Either a) a label with a title that is permanently printed on or affixed to the resource (e.g., a label on an audio CD, or a model); this instruction does not apply to labels on accompanying textual material or a container or b) embedded metadata in textual form that contains a title (e.g., metadata embedded in an MP3 audio file). If the resource does not contain a source of information falling into either category a) or b), use as the preferred source of information another source forming part of the resource itself. Give preference to sources in which the information is formally presented. The disc label is the preferred source of information for tangible resources. Alternate b can be used for electronic resources. There is no provision for picking another resource than the label or metadata header if the preferred sources list the contents of a sound recording while another resource, such as a container, might bear a collective title. There will be a rule change that will allow a cataloger to “prefer a formally-presented collective title within the resource.”

Title Transcribe the title as it appears on the source of information Make a note on the source from which the title proper is taken if it is not one of these sources: Title page, etc. Title frame or title screen of a resource consisting of moving images In other words, always give a source of title note

Example In this example, the preferred source of information is the disc. The disc contains a collections of songs performed by the group Freakwater.

Statement of Responsibility “A creator is a person, family, or corporate body responsible for the creation of a work.” Performers are no longer considered creators. Generally, RDA instructs to limit the statement of responsibility to elements that fit the definition of creator. For sound recordings, composers are considered to be creators. Use cataloger’s judgement about when other entities could be considered creators. This area is currently somewhat controversial for sound recordings and we will need to monitor it. Under AACR2 we included certain categories of performers—particularly pop and jazz musicians—in the statement of responsibility. Instructions from the recent RDA preconference were to discontinue this practice, meaning that we’ll have very few entities—if any—transcribed in a statement of responsibility. Performers are no longer considered creators. Example – “Lost that lovin’ feelin” was sung and popularized by the Righteous Brothers. It was written by a songwriting team (Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil) along with Phil Spector – one of the Righteous Brothers.

Sound Recordings: Dates Dates of first commercial availability (publication) of some of the major audio media: LP discs: 1948 Pre-recorded reel-to-reel audio tapes: 1954 Pre-recorded audio cassettes: 1965 Audio compact discs: 1982 Streaming audio: 1999 DVD-Audio discs: 2000 Playaway devices: 2005

Sound Recordings: Dates Dates earlier than those on the previous slide cannot be a proper date of publication for that audio medium Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as date of sound capture, release date in a different audio medium, etc.

Sound Recordings: Dates Different Bibliographic “Events” Original capture Release as a recording Release in a new recording medium Copyrights of design or accompanying material

Sound Recordings: Dates Copyright date – date associated with a claim of protection under copyright or a similar regime. Copyright dates include phonogram dates ℗1983 phonogram 1993 2.11.1.1 A copyright date▼ is a date associated with a claim of protection under copyright or a similar regime. Copyright dates include phonogram dates (i.e., dates associated with claims of protection for audio recordings). Precede the date by the phonogram symbol. If the appropriate symbol cannot be reproduced, precede the date by phonogram.

Extent for Physical Items AACR2 = “sound disc” RDA = “audio disc” 1 audio disc RDA option – use term preferred by the cataloging agency 1 compact disc OR 1 CD For online audio resources 1 online resource (1 audio file)

Sound Characteristics Type of recording Recording medium Playing speed Groove characteristic Track configuration Tape configuration Configuration of playback channels Special playback characteristics Record sound characteristics if considered important for identification or selection

Sound Characteristics Type of Recording: Analog Digital Recording Medium: the type of medium used to record sound on an audio carrier Magnetic optical

Sound Characteristics Playing speed: speed at which an audio carrier must be operated to produce the sound intended 33 1/3 rpm 78 rpm 44 rpm For a digital disc, record the playing speed in metres per second (m/s) 1.4 m/s

Sound Characteristics For an analog tape, record the playing speed in centimetres per second (cm/s) 4.75 cm/s Alternative: for an analog tape, record the playing speed in inches per second (ips) For an online sound file (e.g., streaming audio), record the transmission speed if it can be readily ascertainable. Record the speed in kilobytes per second (kbps) 32 kbps

Sound Characteristics Groove characteristic: the groove width of an analog disc or the groove pitch of an analog cylinder Analog disc: Coarse groove Microgroove Analog cylinder: Fine Standard

Sound Characteristics Track configuration: record the track configuration for sound-track films Centre track Edge track Tape configuration: the number of tracks on an audiotape 8 track

Sound Characteristics Configuration of Playback Channels The number of sound channels used to make a recording mono stereo quadraphonic surround

Sound Characteristics Special playback characteristics An equalization system, noise reduction system, etc. used in making an audio recording Dolby CCIR standard CX encoded

Digital File Characteristics Encoding format – a schema, standard, etc. used to encode the digital content of a resource. Audio encoding formats: CD audio DAISY DVD audio MP3 RealAudio SACD WAV

Content Types “categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.” Performed music Sounds Spoken word Content type for sound recordings (6.9)

Carrier Types Audio cartridge Audio cylinder A cartridge containing an audio tape Audio cylinder A roller-shaped object on which sound waves are incised or indented in a continuous circular groove. Includes wax cylinders, wire cylinders, etc.

Carrier Types Audio disc A disc on which sound waves, recorded as modulations, pulses, etc., are incised or indented in a continuous spiral groove

Carrier Types Audio Roll A roll of paper on which musical notes are presented by perforations, designed to mechanically reproduce the music when used in a player piano, player organ, etc. Includes piano rolls, etc.

Carrier Types Online resource (audio file) Sound Track Reel Electronic audio resources Sound Track Reel An open reel holding a length of film on which sound is recorded

Identifier for the Manifestation MLA recommendation: If feasible, record all standard identifiers present on the item: ISMN UPC EAN Issue number Matrix number

Authorized Access Point for a Musical Work Make additions to the preferred title as necessary: Medium of performance Key Numeric designation Other distinguishing characteristic Since performers are no longer considered creators. Under AACR2, some sound recordings would have an access point of performer and title. In RDA, the authorized access point will exclude the performer.

Spoken word audio disc