23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program Case Study Palos Verdes Shelf Judy C. Huang, P.E.

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 1 PORE WATER AND BIOAVAILABILITY COURSE

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 2 Outline  Site Location and History  Passive Sampling Activities and Results  Advantages of Passive Sampling  Lessons Learned  Site Cleanup Progress  Next Steps

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 3 Location Map

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 4 *Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program Interim Record of Decision  Institutional Controls  Monitored Natural Recovery  Clean Sediment Cap

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 6 Passive Sampling Activities  Conducted by Dr. Loretta Fernandez through EPA Office of Research and Development  2010 Water Column Study  2011 Sediment Flux Study

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program Water Column Study  Objective: Measure Water Column Contaminant Concentrations  Study Design: 12 Stations, 3 Depths (Bottom, Mid Column, and Surface)  Sampling Media: Microextraction (SPME) Fibers, and PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Polyethylene (PE) Strips  Target Contaminants: DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, DDNU and 43 PCB Congeners  Study Period: Deployed in September 2010 for 32 Days

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 8 Water Column Study Sampling Locations * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 9 Passive Sampling Rig Assembly 5 m from bottom Sediment Bed Anchor Buoy Line PSDs Water Surface m from surface surface

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 10 p,p’ DDE (SPME) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 11 p,p’ DDE (PE) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 12 Sum of PCB Concentrations (PE) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 11937−11947

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program Sediment Flux Study Objectives  Investigate effects of pilot sand cap on the flux of DDTs and PCBs from sediment to the water column using passive sampler derived concentration gradients  Observe concentrations of dissolved DDTs and PCBs in pore water as a function of depth  Compare the performance of different types of polymeric passive samplers

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program Sediment Flux Study Design  6 Stations  PRC Preloaded Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fibers, Polyoxymethylene (POM) and Polyethylene (PE) Strips  DDT Congeners, DDD, DDE, DDMU, and PCB Congeners  Deployed in July 2011 for 44 Days

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 15 Flux Study Sampling Locations * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 16 Flux Platform Design

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 17 Flux Platform * Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 18 Flux Platform Deployment * Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 19 Flux Platform Deployment  * Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 20 Flux Platform Retrieval * Photo Courtesy of Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 21 p,p’ DDE (PE Average) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934 Depth (cm) Flux Rate (ng/ cm 2 y )

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 22 p,p’ DDD (PE Average) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934 Depth (cm) Flux Rate (ng/ cm 2 y )

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 23 p,p’ DDMU (PE Average) Depth (cm) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934 Flux Rate (ng/ cm 2 y )

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 24 PCB 52 (PE Average) * Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 3925−3934 Depth (cm) Flux Rate (ng/ cm 2 y )

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 25 Advantages of Passive Sampling  Does not require collection of a large quantity of water per sample  Time and Cost Saving: two deployments vs. multi- day water collection  Data represents only the dissolved and bioavailable fraction of contaminants of concern  Allows calculation of flux rate  Ability to measure water column pollutant concentrations immediately above seabed

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 26 Advantages of Passive Sampling  Allows EPA to evaluate feasibility of remedial options  Allows EPA to monitor for remedy effectiveness

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 27 Lessons Learned  Not all passive samplers are created equal  Choice of sampling media determined by Contaminant of Concern  Be aware of site conditions  Sample rig design and placement should be based on actual site conditions

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 28 Cleanup Status  Suspended cap design, since post capping IROD goals appear to have been achieved  Monitored Natural Attenuation is occurring  Appeared to reach IROD fish tissue goals for DDTs but not PCBs  Met IROD sediment goals for PCBs in Sediment but not for DDTs  Not enough information to determine water column compliance progress

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 29 Next Steps  Sediment Analysis  69 Locations  Analytes: DDT related compounds and 28 PCB congeners  Water Column Analysis  Passive sampling in 17 locations  High Resolution GC/MS Analysis Pilot Study: Sample collection at all passive sampler deployment location plus 35 sediment baseline locations

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 30 Next Steps (cont.)  Fish Tissue Analysis  White croaker and barred sand bass in multiple locations  Skin-off fillet to be analyzed and whole fish concentration to be calculated using PV Shelf specific translators.

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 31 Acknowledgement  Loretta Fernandez, Northeastern University  Robert Burgess, EPA ORD  Chi-Li Tang, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles  Joe Gully, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles  Keith Maruya, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project  Robert Lindfors, Gilbane

23 rd Annual NARPM Training Program 32 Questions?