Ch. 23 Head and Face Head

Anatomy of Head 28 bones Mandible is the only movable bone Suture is where two bones come together

Brain Facts 3 pounds Requires 20% O2 and 15% blood supply Brain cells grow until 18 Divided into lobes Connects to spinal cord Cerebrospinal fluid Left brain controls right side of body, vice versa

Brain Lobes Frontal: voluntary muscle movement, emotion, eye movement Parietal: Sensation Occipital: Vision Temporal: Hearing, speech Cerebellum: equilibrium, muscle, reflexes Cerebellum: ‘athletic brain’

Scalp Injuries Usually bleeds more Could look worse than it is Treat and control bleeding Continue with head injury assessment to rule out other injuries

Skull Fractures Caused by a severe blow when headgear is not worn S/S: bleed or CSF draining from ear or nose Battle sign Raccoon eyes

Concussions Mild brain injury More than 300,000 each year 62,000 in high school Several different grading systems AVPU SCAT card

Concussions Signs and Symptoms Cognitive: awareness of time and space, consciousness Typical: headache, dizziness, nausea, double vision Physical: loss of consciousness, poor balance, seizures, vomiting Retrograde and antegrade amnesia

Concussions Return to participation No activity, complete rest until asymptomatic Light aerobic exercise Sport-specific training Non-contact training drills Full-contact training drills after clearance Game play

Hemorrhage Bleeding within the skull; forms hematoma Subdural: between brain and dura mater Epidural: between skull and dura mater Intracranial: pooling of blood within brain

Secondary Impact Syndrome Rapid swelling and herniation of the brain after a second head injury that occurs before the symptoms of a previous injury has been resolved Second impact could be minor This is why it is really important to fully clear an athlete after a head injury