Synovial Joints: Knee Largest and ____________________________ joint of the body Allows _ __________________ joints in one surrounded by a single joint.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition 8 Joints.
Advertisements

Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Joints Joints (articulations) - the sites where two or more bones meet; weakest parts of skeleton. Two fundamental functions: – Give skeleton mobility.
1 Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley & O'Loughlin Chapter 9 Lecture Outline: Articulations.
PowerPoint Lecture Outlines to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Tenth Edition Shier  Butler  Lewis Chapter 8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill.
Articulations Junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone growth possible Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during.
Skeletal System Articulations. Articulation (joint): a point of contact between bones. Some allow movement, others are immovable (sutures). Most joints.
Articulations Points of contact between bones (Joints) Primary Joint Classifications Functional NameStructural NameDegree of Movement Example SynarthrosesFibrousImmovableSutures.
Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.
Muscles and Muscle Tissue
Inflammatory Disorders of Joints ¤ Bursitis ¤ Sprains ¤ Arthritis.
Joints Joints (articulations), the sites where two or more bones meet, have two fundamental functions: – Give skeleton mobility – Hold skeleton together.
8 Joints Part B. Types of Synovial Joints 1. Plane joints  Articular surfaces are essentially flat  Allow only slipping or gliding movements  Only.
Chapter 6 The Muscular System
Joints. A joint is the location at which 2 or more bones make contact Joints, also called articulations, have 2 functions: 1.They hold bones together.
The Muscular System.
Plane Joint Plane joints Plane joints Articular surfaces are essentially flat Articular surfaces are essentially flat Allow only slipping or gliding movements.
Physiological Diseases of the human Skeleton. Inflammatory Disorders of joints Joint pain and discomfort can be caused by many factors Bursitis Arthritis.
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System: Pathology
Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints Types of Joints Based on.
Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System
Joints of the Skeletal System
G. Examining and Repairing Diarthroses 1. Arthroscopy is a procedure for examining and repairing the interior of a joint with minimal incisions and anesthesia.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture.
Joints A joint, or articulation, is the place where two bones come together.  Fibrous- Immovable; connect bones, no movement. (skull and pelvis).  Cartilaginous-
Chap 9 Muscle Tissue Intro Learning Objectives: 1.Compare & contrast the basic types of muscle tissue. 2.Describe the characteristics of each muscle type.
Skeletal Joints I. Skeletal Joints- also called articulations (place where two or more bones meet) A. Functions of Joints: 1. Give skeleton mobility (allow.
Skeletal System Abnormalities, Disorders, etc.. Spine Curvatures Scoliosis (thoracic curvature)
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 6.1 – 6.17 Seventh Edition Elaine.
Musculo-Skeletal Anatomy Making the body move!. Goals Important muscle groups to know Review muscle functions, types, and general anatomy In-depth look.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
CH. 5 Skeletal System. Know the functions of the skeletal system 206 bones with 2 divisions.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Elbow Joint Radius and ulna articulate with the humerus Hinge joint formed mainly by trochlear notch of ulna and.
Chap 9 Muscle Tissue Intro, pgs Learning Objectives: 1.Compare & contrast the basic types of muscle tissue. 2.Describe the characteristics of.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture.
Muscular System. Muscle Video Characteristics of Muscles Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber) Contraction of muscles.
Physiological Diseases of the human Skeleton. Inflammatory Disorders of joints Joint pain and discomfort can be caused by many factors Bursitis Arthritis.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Mandibular condyle articulate with the _ Two types of movement – ____________________________– depression and elevation of.
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 6.1 – 6.17 Seventh Edition Elaine.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn PowerPoint.
Articulations (Joints) Chapter 8 Weakest parts of the skeleton.
Muscles and Muscle Tissue Converting ATP into mechanical energy….thereby capable of exerting force.
The Muscular System Slide 6.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscles are responsible for all types of body.
Chapter 8 Joints J.F. Thompson, Ph.D. & J.R. Schiller, Ph.D. & G. Pitts, Ph.D.
Joints of the Skeletal System Articulations Junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone growth possible Permit parts of the.
1 Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System Articulations Functional junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone growth possible.
Chapter 8: Joints Objectives: 1) Know the basic types of movement 2) Know the basic disorders that affect the joints Reminders: Quiz Monday.
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Anatomy & Physiology SECOND EDITION Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Recognizing Different Sports Injuries Chapter 13 Pages
Homeostatic Imbalance In the joints!. Bursitis also called “water on the knee”. Caused by inflammation of bursae, or synovial membrane.
Joints P A R T B. Plane Joint Plane joints Flat articular surfaces Slipping or gliding Only nonaxial joints Figure 8.7a.
JOINTS Every bone except the hyoid forms a joint (articulation) ◦2 functions  Hold bones together securely  Give the rigid skeleton mobility 2 CLASSIFICATIONS.
Joints and Joint Movement
Joint Injuries.
Muscles & Muscle Tissue
8 P A R T A Joints 1.
Muscles and Muscle Tissue
Bone Fractures and Articulations
Joints Skeletal System - Part 3.
Joints.
The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
Muscles and Muscle Tissue
Chapter 8: Muscular System
Joints.
chapter 9-1: muscular system intro
Muscles and Muscle Tissue
Presentation transcript:

Synovial Joints: Knee Largest and ____________________________ joint of the body Allows _ __________________ joints in one surrounded by a single joint cavity – Femoropatellar joint – Lateral and medial _________________________ joints

Synovial Joints: Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Ball-and-socket joint in which _________________________is sacrificed to obtain greater _ Head of humerus articulates with the ____________________________________ of the scapula

Synovial Joints: Elbow _________________________ joint that allows flexion and extension _ Radius and ulna articulate with _

Synovial Joints: Shoulder Stability Weak stability is maintained by: – Thin, loose joint capsule – Four ligaments – coracohumeral, and three glenohumeral – Tendon of the ______________________________________, which travels through the ____________________________________groove and secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity – ____________________________________(four tendons) that encircles the shoulder joint and blends with the articular capsule

Synovial Joints: Hip (Coxal) Joint Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum Good range of motion, but _

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Mandibular condyle articulate with the _ Two types of movement – ____________________________– depression and elevation of mandible – Side to side – (____________________________) grinding of teeth

Sprains The _____________________________ reinforcing a joint are _ Partially torn ligaments slowly repair themselves ___________________________________ ligaments require prompt surgical repair

Cartilage Injuries The snap and pop of overstressed cartilage Common aerobics injury Repaired with _

Dislocations Occur when bones are forced out of alignment Usually accompanied by ___________________________________ inflammation, and joint immobilization Caused by serious falls and are common sports injuries _ – ______________________________________ dislocation of a joint

Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions Bursitis – An inflammation of a ______________________, usually caused by a _ – Symptoms are _ – Treated with anti-inflammatory drugs; excessive fluid may be aspirated

Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions Tendonitis – Inflammation of _______________________________________ typically caused by overuse – Symptoms and treatment are similar to _

Arthritis More than ______________________________ of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints Most widespread crippling disease in the U.S. Symptoms – pain, stiffness, and _ Acute forms are caused by ___________________________ and are treated with antibiotics Chronic forms include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) Most common chronic arthritis; often called “______________________________ ” arthritis Affects _______________________more than men ______________of all Americans develop OA More prevalent in the aged, and is probably related to the normal aging process

Osteoarthritis: Course OA reflects the years of ________________________________________ causing increased production of metalloproteinase enzymes that break down cartilage As one ages, cartilage is destroyed more quickly than it is replaced The exposed bone ends ________________________, enlarge, form bone spurs, and _ Joints most affected are the cervical and lumbar spine, fingers, knuckles, knees, and hips

Osteoarthritis: Treatments OA is slow and _ Treatments include: – Mild ___________________________________, along with moderate activity – Magnetic therapy – Glucosamine sulfate decreases pain and inflammation

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Chronic, inflammatory, ______________________________________ of unknown cause, with an insidious onset Usually arises between the ages of ________________, but may occur at any age Signs and symptoms include joint tenderness, anemia, osteoporosis, _________________________, and cardiovascular problems – The course of RA is marked with _

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Course RA begins with _________________________ of the affected joint Inflammatory chemicals are _________________________________ released Inflammatory blood cells migrate to the joint, causing swelling

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflamed ________________________________ thickens into a pannus Pannus ______________________________, scar tissue forms, articulating bone ends connect The end result, _______________________, produces bent, deformed fingers

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment Conservative therapy – _________________, long-term use of antibiotics, and physical therapy Progressive treatment – anti-inflammatory drugs or _ The drug Enbrel, a biological response modifier, neutralizes the harmful properties of inflammatory chemicals

Gouty Arthritis Deposition of ________________________________________in joints and soft tissues, followed by an _ Typically, gouty arthritis affects the joint at the _ In untreated gouty arthritis, the _________________________________________ and immobilize the joint – Treatment – colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and glucocorticoids

Muscle Overview The three types of muscle tissue are – These types differ in structure, location, function, and means of activation

Muscle Similarities Skeletal and smooth _________________________ are elongated – called _ Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of myofilaments – Muscle terminology is similar – muscle plasma membrane – cytoplasm of a muscle cell – Prefixes myo, mys, and sarco all refer to _

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Has obvious ____________________called _ Is controlled _ Contracts rapidly – but _ Is responsible for overall body motility Is extremely _ can exert wide range of forces

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Occurs _ Is ______________________________ like skeletal muscle – not _ Rhythmicity controlled by _ – Pacemaker located within the heart Neural controls temper the heart’s response – Elevates or depresses rate as needed

Smooth Muscle Tissue Found in the walls of hollow _______________________________organs, – the _ – urinary bladder, – respiratory passages Forces food and other substances through internal body channels It is _

Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue – the ability to receive and respond to stimuli – the ability to shorten forcibly – the ability to be stretched or extended – the ability to recoil and resume the original resting length

Skeletal Muscle Each muscle is a ___________________________ composed of muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue

Skeletal Muscle The three connective tissue sheaths are: – fine sheath of _____________________ tissue composed of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber – fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called _ – an overcoat of dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Skeletal Muscle: Attachments Most skeletal muscles ______________________________ and are attached to bone _ When muscles contract the movable bone, the muscle’s _

Skeletal Muscle: Attachments Muscles attach: – epimysium of the muscle is fused to the _ – connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a _

Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber Each fiber is a long, cylindrical cell with __________________________________ just beneath the sarcolemma Fibers are up to __________________________ long Each cell is a ___________________________ produced by fusion of embryonic cells

Myofibrils Myofibrils are densely packed, rodlike contractile elements They make up most of the _ The arrangement of myofibrils creates a repeating series of _

Sarcomeres The smallest ________________________ of a muscle Composed of ______________________________ made up of contractile proteins – Myofilaments are of two types – _