Zones of Exchange As cultures expanded there were peaceful and violent interactions. There was also the exchange of people, goods and ideas (C.D.)

According to the document, how did rulers lose power? According to the document how did rulers show they had gained power?

All citizens in ancient athens had the right to attend the assembly, where they could meet in the open to discuss and cast votes. This situation is an example of a 1) direct democracy 2) Totalitarianism 3) parliamentary democracy 4) absolutism

A major contribution of the Roman Empire to western society was the development of 1) gunpowder 2) the principles of feudalism 3) monotheism 4) an effective legal system

Pre Test Please take 6-7 minutes to complete the Pre-test. We will correct them and discuss any questions you have. Answers: 2 1 3 4

Gupta empire Time of peace and prosperity for India- led to accomplishments in Math, Science and arts Hinduism- strict caste system enforced Organized into semi-independent villages- if they pay taxes the government left them alone Math Medicine Architecture Zero Decimal system Arabic numerals Smallpox vaccination Set bones Plastic surgery Stupas- dome shaped shrines for holy people

Tang and Song Dynasties Tang Empire included Vietnam, Korea and Tibet= Tributary States- pay tribute to powerful China The Song dynasty came to power in 960 and prospered Society based on Confucianism- stressed social order based on duty, rank and proper behavior. Government officials had to pass rigorous exams (PYRAMID NEXT PAGE) Economic Canals Literature Land was redistributed to peasants Encouraged trade and transportation. The Grand Canal moved food Calligraphy Pagoda Porcelain

Tang and Song Dynasties Fixed social structure added stability. **The Tang and Song Dynasties spread ideas to Japan. Over time Japan would blend Chinese ideas with their own for a unique culture

Byzantine Eastern part of Rome founded by Constantinople (later named a trading city after him) Peaked under Justinian- autocratic ruler The city of Constantinople was on the trade routes connecting Europe and Asia Fell to the Ottomans Law Architecture Orthodox Justinian’s Code Hagia Sophia- blend of Greek, Roman, Persian and Middle East styles Preserved Greco-Roman culture Did not believe Roman pope had power over them Priests can marry Greek not Latin Schism in 1054

Islamic Civilization Islam arose on Arabian peninsula and spread under the Caliphate (elected successors to Muhammad) Muslims armies spread Islam through North Africa, Spain, Middle East and India

Islamic Civilization Sharia- Islamic law based on Qur’an Sunni- Caliph elected by Muslim leaders Shiite- Caliph not authority, Muhammad's descendents are Society- social mobility, conquered people treated well, slavery, women restricted Empires: Abbassid in Baghdad- led to Golden Age Art Medicine Math/science Byzantine domes Nonreligious art Doctors must pass tests Set up hospitals Measured Earth’s orbit and circumference Algebra

Medieval Europe (500-1450) Resources: fertile soil, forests, seas and rivers The Franks- led by Clovis they forced the Muslims out of France Charlemagne- empire across France, Germany and parts of Italy. Helped the Church who then named him Holy Roman Emperor. Gave away tracts of land to loyal friends- founding of feudalism Treaty of Verdun- after Charlemagne death, his empire crumbled between heirs. The treaty divided the empire into 3 sections.

Medieval Society Feudalism- decentralized gov’t where lords own land, and exchange land (fiefs) for military service and protection (king- lords-vassals- knights- serfs) Knights- practice chivalry (brave, loyal and truthful) Manoralism- economic system around a lords estate The Church- stabilizing force of Europe- all sin but salvation through faith, good deeds, sacraments Monasteries- centers of learning, reform and charity Gothic Church- pointed arches, flying buttresses and stained glass windows

Crusades The byzantine Empire was overrun by the Turks- they asked for help from the Pope who got help from Europe’s Christians There were 4 Crusades altogether, and the Christians only victory was in the 1st Effects -trade increased -Feudalism strengthened -Religious animosity (hate each other) -cultural diffusion Causes -free the holy land -get rich and gain new land -see new place -sins forgiven