IFA # 7 The Babylonian King, Hammurabi (1700 BCE), created a law code consisting of 282 case laws written on a stone slab. The code does not represent a specific philosophy of law, but emphasizes selected decisions the King and his court used to rule their people. 1) If a man brings an accusation against a man, and charge him with a (capital) crime, but cannot prove it, he, the accuser, shall be put to death. 258) If a man hires a herdsman, he shall pay him 6 GUR of grain per year. (1 GUR is estimated to be 80 US Gallons) Based on the above information, what was the purpose of Hammurabi’s code of law? a. To Unite Empires b. To Create a civilized society c. To promote individual liberties d. To establish a democracy TEKS: 16B;

EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS HEBREWS The first civilizations were developed in four river valleys around 3500 BC. Each river valley had a mild climate and a water highway to other places. Water from the rivers could be used for drinking and cooking food. Each of the valleys had a flood plain where the overflowing river would deposit fertile soil. The rich soil led to abundant harvests and food surpluses.

Ancient Egypt 3200 BC–500 BC

Ancient Egypt -located in Northeast Africa -the Nile, world’s longest river runs through Egypt -each year, the Nile floods and deposits fertile soil -fresh water, rich soil, & a long growing season made it possible for farmers to grow large amounts of food -ease of communication along the river helped the development of a highly centralized government

Government and Society -Egypt had a monarchy, which means each pharaoh inherited power -most powerful person in ancient Egypt=pharaoh -the pharaoh was an absolute ruler -the pharaoh owned all the land, commanded the army, made laws, controlled irrigation and grain supplies -Egyptians considered the pharaoh to be a god

Egyptian Social Classes

Religion -Egyptians believed the body should be preserved after death for the afterlife -when pharaohs died, their bodies were embalmed and buried in a pyramid -the pyramids contained gold, jewels, and other precious objects for use in the afterlife -these artifacts have helped scientists learn a lot about ancient Egypt over the years

Egyptian Accomplishments Medicine -developed an extensive knowledge of the body through embalming -performed surgical operations -they “set” fractures

Egyptian Accomplishments Heiroglyphics -ancient Egyptians developed some of the earliest forms of writing based on picture symbols -appeared on temples, pyramids, and on scrolls of reed paper, known as papyrus

Egyptian Accomplishments Building and Art -architects and engineers built magnificent pyramids, palaces, and temples of stone -the buildings were decorated with paintings and sculptures

Egyptian Accomplishments Geometry & Astronomy -developed geometry to build projects like the pyramids -by observing the stars, they developed a 365 day calendar

9/6 Notes Ancient Egypt -developed along the Nile River -society was ruled by an all powerful pharaoh -built pyramids Significant Contributions -embalmed bodies -used hieroglyphics as a language -365 day calendar -geometry Vocabulary -pharaoh—Egyptian king -monarchy—type of government where the power is inherited -archaeologists—people who study prehistoric people and their culture -embalming—preserving a body with chemicals

9/6 Notes Ancient India -Indus river’s floods made soil great for farming -houses connected to water and sewage -much evidence of the use of clay and metals -civilization ended mysteriously and abruptly 9/6 Notes Ancient Egypt -developed along the Nile River -society was ruled by an all powerful pharaoh -built pyramids Significant Contributions -embalmed bodies-365 day calendar -used hieroglyphics as a language -geometry Vocabulary -pharaoh—Egyptian king -monarchy—type of government where the power is inherited -archaeologists—people who study prehistoric people and their culture -embalming—preserving a body with chemicals

India / Egypt Assignment -Pick 2 items (out of six) listed in your Indian notes and draw a picture that represents those items. -Pick 4 items (out of six) listed in your Egyptian notes and draw a picture that represents those items -Make sure you label each picture you draw.

Dates/Paleo/Neo Major Quiz 1. During which era were the first permanent settlements found? 2. What does “AD” stand for? 3. A woman’s main job in the Paleolithic era was to do what? 4. What word refers to a people’s way of life? 5. During the Paleolithic era, people used what kind of tools? 6. What does “”BCE” stand for? 7. A man’s main job in the Paleolithic era was to do what? 8. Because of their hard lifestyle, which era had the shorter lifespan? 9. During the Neolithic era, people began to grow their own ________. 10. What does “BC” stand for? 11. What words means “wise man” ? 12. Which era saw people domesticating animals for the first time?