Egyptian Civilization AIM: What were the major contributions of Ancient Egypt? Land of the Pharaohs Egyptian Civilization DO NOW: Do Now Worksheet

Ancient Egypt GEOGRAPHY

Where in the world is Egypt? Continent: Africa Location: Northeast Corner

The Nile River It is also the lifeblood of Egypt. Why? What is Egypt’s most visible & Important Geographic feature? It is also the lifeblood of Egypt. Why?

By looking at the map which way do you think the Nile river flows? (From what direction to what direction?) From South to North Lower Egypt Upper Egypt

The Egypt is divided into two (2) parts. What are they called? Lower Egypt Upper Egypt _____________ 2. _____________ Where on the map are they located?

The rulers of Lower & Upper Egypt had crowns to wear. Why would a ruler wear both crowns at the same time?

A Delta or The Nile Delta What is the wide part of the Nile River called? Why do you think we call it a delta? A Delta or The Nile Delta GREEK LETTER DELTA The letter for our “D”

Silt Because the Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea it dumps this into the Nile Delta? Silt A tiny mixture of soil and rock.

How do you think the Ancient Egyptian Farmer watered their fields? What technology was used? Shadouf Most irrigation in the Nile Valley is done by gas-powered or diesel-powered pumps nowadays -- but every so often we saw someone using a shadouf. This ancient irrigation technique is a bucket on a long, counter-weighted arm that the farmer swings down into the water and over to the field. The watering of land by canals or pipes. irrigation

What is a Pharaoh? What is unification? A ruler of Egypt Joining of separate parts into one Name some ways a Pharaoh could unify Egypt?

The Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt was regarded as the beginning of Egyptian history by the Egyptians themselves.

Egypt’s First Pharaoh 3100 BC Menes (King of Upper Egypt) Defeats King of Lower Egypt Unification of Upper & Lower Egypt as told by the Egyptians. Menes is also credited with the foundation of Memphis, which he established as the Egyptian capital. According to Manetho, Menes reigned for 62 years and was killed by a hippopotamus. Early Dynastic Period – Egypt’s 1st Unified Kingdom(s)

Administration, Taxes, Judges Life Under Pharaoh Administration, Taxes, Judges Government Religion Economy Child of Sun God Ra He Gives Life to Egypt Domestication Agriculture – Farming Surplus Specialization Trade

Slaves Soldiers Scribes Merchants Artisans Farmers Pharaoh Government Officials Soldiers Scribes Merchants Artisans Farmers Slaves

1 Floor Above Ground/1 Floor Below Mastaba Tomb 1 Floor Above Ground/1 Floor Below

Step Pyramid @Sakkara Six (6) Mastabas Pharaoh: Djoser / Zoser Dynasty: 4th Year: c. 2611 BC Architect: Imhotep Six (6) Mastabas

2nd Attempt @ a True Pyramid Bent Pyramid @ Dahshur Pharaoh: Sneferu Dynasty: 3rd Year: c. 2596 BC 43  55  2nd Attempt @ a True Pyramid

Only Surviving of the Seven (7) Ancient Wonders of the World Pyramids @ Giza Egyptologists believe that the Great Pyramid was built by tens of thousands of skilled workers who camped near the pyramids and worked for a salary or as a form of paying taxes until the construction was completed. The worker's cemeteries were discovered in 1990 by archaeologists Zahi Hawass and Mark Lehner. Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100,000 men, divided into five zaa or phyle of 20,000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers.[15] Only Surviving of the Seven (7) Ancient Wonders of the World

Inside the Great Pyramid of Khufu @ Giza Inside the Pyramid Inside the Great Pyramid of Khufu @ Giza

Largest Statue in World Sphynx @ Giza Largest Statue in World ½ Human & ½ Lion Built by: Khafre 2520 –2494 BC Restored by: Thutmoses IV 1401 – 1391 BC

Tutankhamun 1341 BC – 1323 BC New Kingdom: 18th Dynasty Boy King – Age of 9 to 20 Famous because tomb was found intact.

Valley of the Kings Burial Site of New Kingdom Pharaohs