Class 33: After Vatican II Ann T. Orlando 12 April 2006

Introduction After Vatican II  Paul VI  Sexual Ethics Liberation Theology John Paul II Benedict XVI

Pope Paul VI ( ) Closed Vatican II First Pope to travel extensively Building bridges to Orthodox faith  Kiss of peace in Jerusalem with Patriarch  Lifted mutual excommunications of 1054 Humane Vitae

Humanae Vitae, 1968 Pope Paul Vi rejects advice of commission established by John XXIII to investigate artificial birth control Declares Church opposition to artificial birth control Church has the duty and right to apply the natural moral law  Especially the Pope Arguments against birth control are based on Natural Law and God’s design of creation  Not arguments that carry much weight post-Enlightenment

Liberation Theology Two forces to driving development  Christian theological response to Holocaust  Latin American theology in opposition to traditional Christian theology; opposed to ‘developmentalism’; that is political change from within existing political institutions  Theodicy In both cases, theology in response to political and social circumstances In both cases calls into question applicability of ‘traditional’ Christian theology

European Political Theology Johann Metz ( )  Student of Rahner  Political theology as fundamental; necessary to counter Enlightenment  Opposed to ‘bourgeois’ religion; Church must identify itself with suffering, especially in Third World  Must remember the suffering of holocaust Jurgen Moltmann ( )  God is experienced in suffering;  God is with us when we suffer  God suffers  Emphasis on human freedom in how we handle suffering

Latin American Liberation Theology Gustavo Gutierrez (1928- )  Radical political change tied theologically to realized eschatology  Jesus’ mission in world to bring kingdom of God justifies radical politics  Church as sacrament in world; realized kingdom of God Juan Segundo ( )  Traditional Christian faith too intertwined with Western civilization  Faith as an ideology  Liberation of theology from Western norms  Return to Scripture, without deformations of Western philosophy

John Paul II ( ) Do you remember how stunned you were that a Polish Cardinal had been elected??????  Non-Italian  Cold War Most traveled Pope in history First Encyclical, Redemptor Hominis, 1979  Looks forward to 2000  Modern man is afraid of his own achievements; progress or threat?  Principle of solidarity; applied as moral principle to economic progress

Veritatis Splendor, 1993 Meditation on Mt 19:16, “Teacher, what good must I do to have eternal life?” Science and Technology do not free man from search for truth about himself and God  That search has a moral component that touches every aspect of human life Magisterium is crucial to properly forming individual conscious Natural law is valid, permanent, universal  Moral law is part of truth about man Genuine freedom is found in our image and likeness to God Freedom is dependent upon truth

The End of the Life of John Paul II Do you remember how one year ago the entire world was fixated for two weeks on John Paul II’s death and burial? Can you explain the 24x7 media coverage?  In terms of citations world-wide covering a 2 week period; bigger story than 9/11

Benedict XVI Much more Augustinian than Thomistic  Reality of sin  Man’s ability alone cannot save him  Theology of Cross rather than Incarnation Concerns about VII  Peritus at VII  Does not sufficiently criticize Enlightenment  Seems to encourage Church to accommodate herself to Enlightenment  Although has issues with liberation theology; agrees with some of their criticisms of contemporary Western culture Relationship between relativism and democracy  Democracy should be based on natural law and human dignity; not on notion that every one’s opinion is equally valid Christian faith opposed to relativism  “Only the truth makes us free.” What is the Church? Kasper-Ratzinger debate All that having been said  DCE released on Christmas Day  All about Love

One Girl’s View: A Reflection from Aquinas Applied to Contemporary Situation Aquinas was worried about ‘Dead Faith’ meaning everyone believed (or said they did), but very few acted with charity. This, according to Aquinas was faith that was dead and not a virtue; IIa IIae Q4 a4 I think the problem now is ‘Dead Love’; many people say they are peaceful loving caring people but try to do this without the truth of faith. This is love that is dead and not a virtue Relation between Church and Individual Catholic  Radical individualism, subjectivism, relativism  Need to understand what it means to form conscience  Pascal was right: many people live in present moment without considering end of life Relation between Church and Society  Proper model for Church in world  Religious pluralism  Ethical use of science  Ethics in law; what is basis of justice?  Reduced image of Church, especially hierarchy, in North America and Europe

Assignments Deus Caritas Est, vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben- xvi_enc_ _deus-caritas-est_en.html vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben- xvi_enc_ _deus-caritas-est_en.html Kasper-Ratzinger debate in America Magazine, 2001  D=1569&articleTypeID=1&issueID=333 D=1569&articleTypeID=1&issueID=333  leTypeID=1&textID=1250&issueID=351 leTypeID=1&textID=1250&issueID=351

Quiz Review: Quiz Structure Wednesday, May 3 at 9:00 am Similar format as midterm Closed book, closed notes Matching people and events with descriptions (25 pts) Definitions (25 pts) Match quotes from readings to authors (25 pts) Two Essays (25 pts)

Definitions: One or Two Sentence Definitions of Following (25 free points) Epistemology Natural Law Papal infallibility Rerum Novarum Romanticism Enlightenment Theodicy Theory of Evolution Kulturkampf Relativism

Quotes Will not be tricky Five quotes, 8 authors If you were paying attention during class and discussions, this should not be hard Do not feel like you must go back and carefully re-read everything What were some of the most important things we read?  John Locke, Letter on Toleration  Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Danbury Baptist Society  St. Just, Republican Institute  Chateaubriand, Genius of Christianity  Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors  Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum  Guardini, Spirit of Liturgy  Benedict XVI, Deus Caritas Est

Quiz Essay Questions Another Free 25 Points; be prepared to respond to these two questions  Pick one: Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul II. Describe their historical circumstances and how they reacted to them.  Describe how the relation between Church and State has evolved since 1600 Answers must be very specific, with many names, places, and thought as to how they relate.