Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris,
hectares of vegetables and flowers
No green fingers anymore.
Production completely industrialized
High input type of production, and..
… also industrial type of recirculation, and….
… full scale energy production combining heat and electricity
Big problems finding people ready to do the picking
Market segmentation forced by Bild Zeitung.
Resistance problems led to biological control in the 70-es
Biological Control in glasshouses increasing (Van Lenteren, 2006)
Biological control Type 3 and 4 measures of IP. IP hierarchy & Type of measures 1. Prevention 2. Technical measures for cultivation 3. Systems for early warning and deciding 4. Non-synthetic chemical crop protection 5. Chemical crop protection and application techniques 6. Emission reduction
Potential for BC almost unlimited Predators (vertebrates) Microbials Pheromones Sterile flies Natural substances Biological soil treatment ….., even sound
Use of pesticides still major problem, especially in flower crops
Zero-tolerance policy also doesnt help
Challenges Getting BC (and IPM) rewarded in the market Change unfair EU approval system and turn it around to giving BC an advantage Remove and substitute chemicals harming BC-systems Keep chemical industry from buying up BC- companies
More challenges: arable crops!
Campaigning helps