PANEL A2 TO OUR WORLD: ENVIRONMENT Name: Dr.Nandakumaran P Designation: Regional Director Organization: Central Ground Water Board WATER, ENERGY, WASTE MANAGEMENT
WATER AVAILABILITY - INDIA
WATER SCENARIO - INDIA
WATER AVAILABILITY (PER CAPITA)
WATER STRESS & SCARCITY
FRESH WATER AVAILABILITY Total Precipitation: 4000 BCM Total Water Availability: 1869 BCM Total Utilizable Water : 1122 BCM Surface Water Ground Water - 432
ANTICIPATED DEMAND (BCM) In 2010: * In 2025: * In 2050: * Total Utilizable Water : 1122 ( ) S.W G.W * With improved management
WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES Non-availability of Resource Sustainability Issues Inefficient use Contamination Climate Change?
WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES – RURAL AREAS Low penetration of protected water supply schemes 30% rural Indian lack access to safe drinking water supplies Only 7 States have rural areas with full drinking water supply. Sustainability Issues (‘Slipped back’ habitations) Neglect of traditional water management practices O & M Issues ( Lack of technical expertise ??) Contamination (natural/man-made, poor sanitation) Inefficient use of available resources.
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT- OPTIONS ??? Supply Side New Sources & Technologies Recharge Augmentation (RWH, Water Conservation) Better sanitation Demand Side Improved water use efficiency Incentives / Regulation IEC Awareness creation Capacity building of grass-root level stakeholders
Indian Energy Scenario Over 40% households do not have electricity. Nearly 1/3 rd of our energy is still from non- commercial sources (biomass). Per capita energy consumption is third and per capita electricity consumption is fifth of the world average. India faces an enormous demand supply gap of about 11% energy shortage and 14% peak power shortage.
Options ?? Renewable energy sources Solar (Photovoltaic /Thermal) Wind Tidal Geothermal Biomass Small Hydroelectric schemes Bio-fuels Improvement in Energy Efficiency Improved Storage Technologies Awareness creation / Capacity building
INDIAN SCENARIO Over 50 Million Tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated per annum. Per-capita waste generation 1.3% & total waste 5% per annum Open Dumping is common – No scientific closure of Landfills - Health impact, GHG emissions etc. Little work done on scientific waste management – waste minimization, reuse, recycling. Suburban & rural areas worst affected!
POSSIBLE APPROACHES Waste Management Minimization Segregation Recycling Processing (Resource Recovery) Transformation Sanitary Land fills Method to be Technically sound & Financially viable Environment-friendly Easy to operate & maintain ( by local communities) Decentralized ( Processing at source – to the extent feasible) Sustainable & acceptable to the local community.