W30: April 7-11, 2014 Week 30

Monday, April 7 A NEW UNIT ▫Southwest and Central Asia  Chapter 17 – Eastern Mediterranean  Read Chapter 17, Section 1 with a partner  Complete the vocabulary and notes independently Homework: ▫Worksheet ▫Quiz on Wednesday

 Turkey  Syria  Cyprus  Lebanon  Israel  Jordan

 The Eastern Mediterranean, a region with a dry climate and valuable resources, sits in the middle of three continents.  Read Chapter 17, Section 1 and complete the notes independently.

 Many sites in Turkey reflect the country’s long and diverse cultural history. Throughout the country you will find the ruins of ancient Greek temples and Roman palaces. You can also see magnificent early Christian buildings and art, as well as palaces and mosques of Ottoman rulers.

Tuesday, April 8 Asia Unit ▫Southwest and Central Asia  Chapter 17, Section 2 TURKEY Homework: ▫Quiz on Wednesday

 8000 years ago – early farming villages  Invasions  Romans ▪ Byzantium became Constantinople ▪ Major trade route between Europe and Asia ▪ Later became capital of Byzantine Empire  Seljuk Turks (1000s AD) ▪ Central Asia nomads  Ottoman Turks (1453) ▪ Made Constantinople their capital

 Ottoman Empire  1500s-1600s – Very powerful  Territory included northern Africa, southwestern Asia, and southeastern Europe  WW1, the Ottomans fought on the losing side and lost most of their territories.  Military officers then took over ▪ Mustafa Ataturk – Later Kemal Ataturk (Father of Turks) ▪ Created the democratic nation of Turkey ▪ Moved the capital to Ankara ▪ Changed Constantinople to Istanbul

 Modern Turkey  Kemal Ataturk ▪ 1 st president of Turkey ▪ Modernized Turkey ▪ Separated all aspects of Islam from Turkey’s government ▪ Closed Islamic schools ▪ Turkish people encouraged to wear Western dress and adopt surnames  Banned the “fez” hat and required European-styled hats  Women urged to stop wearing veils ▪ Women encouraged to vote, work, and hold office ▪ Replaced the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet ▪ Adopted the metric system

 People  Mostly ethnic Turks  Kurds are the largest minority and make up 20%  Culture  Reflects Ataturk’s changes ▪ He created a cultural split between Turkey’s urban middle class and rural villagers ▪ Most middle class Turks have much in common with the European middle class ▪ Rural Turks are more traditional.  Islam strongly influences their attitudes on matters (role of women in society)  Food: ▪ Olives, vegetables, cheese, yogurt, and bread ▪ Kababs – grilled meats on a skewer

 Turkey Today  Istanbul – Turkey’s largest city & economic bridge to Europe  Government ▪ Legislature is called the National Assembly ▪ President and Prime Minister share power ▪ Most people are Muslim, but Turkey is a secular state ▪ Religion is kept separate from government. ▪ Example: the religion of Islam allows a man to have up to four wives, but by Turkish law a man is permitted to have just one wife ▪ Currently, Islamic political parties are trying to increase Islam’s role in Turkish society.

 Economy  Member of the European Union  Increased trade with Europe  Includes modern factories as well as farming and craft- making ▪ Industries – textile and clothing, cement, and electronics ▪ 40% of the labor force works in agriculture ▪ Grains, cotton, sugar beets, hazelnuts  Resources  Oil, coal, iron ore  Water – very valuable ▪ PROBLEM: Turkey has spent billions on building dams to increase water supply, causing restricted water flow to neighboring countries

Wednesday, April 9 Quiz Asia Unit ▫Southwest and Central Asia  Chapter 17, Section 3 ISRAEL Homework: ▫Retake of Quiz due by 4/16

 Modern Israel was formed in Since then immigrants from many parts of the world have made the population of Israel very diverse. Many Jews emigrated to Israel from Russia and Eastern European countries.

 History  Home to 3 of the world’s major religions ▪ Judaism, Christianity, and Islam  Holy Land ▪ Hebrews – ancestors of the Jews ▪ Established kingdom of Israel 3000 years ago ▪ Covered the same area as modern day Israel ▪ Romans – conquered “Palestine” in 60s BC ▪ After many revolts, the Romans forced the Jews top leave. This was called the Diaspora. ▪ Arabs – conquered “Palestine” in 600s ▪ 1000s-late 1200s – Crusades ▪ Conquered city of Jerusalem ▪ Eventually Crusaders pushed out ▪ Part of the Ottoman Empire ▪ Then under British control after WW1

 Creation of Israel  Zionism ▪ 1948 Jewish leaders declared Palestine the nation of Israel ▪ Arab Palestinians living in Palestine and the Arab countries surrounded Israel were opposed to this and invaded. ▪ Very short war with Israel defeating the Arab armies ▪ Many Palestinians fled to neighboring countries. ▪ Disputes continue to occur

 Israel today  Continuing problems with neighboring countries  Government  Prime Minister and parliament called the Knesset  Strong military ▪ At 18 – most men and women must serve at least one year  Economy  Modern and diverse  High-tech equipment and diamonds for export  Increased food production by irrigating farmland  Tourists!!

 Israel Today  Most of the population lives in cities ▪ Tel Aviv – 2 Million people  80% are Jewish, the rest mostly Arab ▪ ¾ of Israeli Arabs are Muslim, some are Christian  Jewish population from all over the world – few arrive speaking Hebrew ▪ Government offers language classes ▪ Languages include Hebrew and Arabic – both official languages

 Israel Today  Culture ▪ Holidays ▪ Sabbath – holy day (Saturdays) ▪ Yom Kippur (fall) ▪ Passover (spring) ▪ Food ▪ Important part of Jewish culture ▪ Kosher  No pork or shellfish  No mixing of meat and milk products ▪ Rural Settlements ▪ 100,000 Israeli Jews live in Kibbutzim

 Palestinian Territory ▪ 1967 – Six Day War: Israel captured Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem ▪ Since then – fights have been constant  Gaza ▪ Small, crowded coastal area ▪ No resources – citrus fruit is grown in irrigated fields ▪ Unemployment ▪ Many travel to Israel to work  West Bank ▪ 2.4 million ▪ Rural area but has 3 large cities ▪ Economy based on agriculture ▪ Currently home to Jewish settlements that Palestinians consider an invasion of their land ▪ Constant tension between Arabs and Israelis

 Palestinian Territory  East Jerusalem ▪ Israel’s capital ▪ Holy sites to Jews, Christians, and Muslims ▪ Different neighborhoods ▪ Palestinians claimed it as their capital, but it was annexed by Israel in 1980 ▪ Israel moved its capital here from Tel Aviv even though this is not recognized by most countries

 Future of Territories  1990s, Israel agreed to turn over parts of the territories to the Palestinians  The Palestinian Authority agreed to work for peace  In 2005, Israel transferred Gaza to the P.A.  Some Israelis concerned that withdrawing from the territories leaves them open for attack  Ongoing terrorism continues.  2013 article 2013 article  March 2014 Israeli News March 2014 Israeli News

Thursday, April 10 Quiz Handout Asia Unit ▫Southwest and Central Asia  Chapter 17, Section 4 SYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN Homework: ▫Quiz on Thursday, April 17 HAPPY BIRTHDAY… Cathleen Zbylut- 2

 The histories of Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan have been tangled together since the countries gained independence in the 1940s. Syria is a large nation with a strong military that has often dominated Lebanon’s political life. Other conflicts in the region have also spilled over into Lebanon.

 Syria  Damascus – Capital and oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. ▪ Leading regional trade center  Part of the Ottoman Empire in 1500s  France controlled Syria after WW1  Became independent in 1940s

 Syria’s History & Government  – dictator Hafiz al-Assad  Increased the size of the military in order to match Israel’s military strength and protect his rule  2000 – Bashar (son of al-Assad) was elected president.  Seven year term, 2007 – re-elected  Goal: to improve the economy  Socialist government  Country owns oil refineries, large electrical plants, railroads, and some factories  Key manufactured goods: textiles, food products, and chemicals  Small deposits of oil and natural gas  Rich in iron ore, basalt, and phosphates

 Ancient Syria  Ruins of ancient Roman trading centers

 Syria’s People  Population of 18 million  90% Arab, other 10% are Kurds and Armenians  74% are Sunni Muslim, 16% Druze and Alawites, 10% are Christian. Some small Jewish communities

 Lebanon  Small mountainous country  Mediterranean coast  Lebanon’s History  Ottoman Empire  Different ethnic minority groups and religious groups settled here  After ww1 – France controlled  Gained independence in 1940s  French influence ▪ Arabic is official language ▪ Many Lebanese also speak French

 Lebanon’s People  Arab  Divided by religion – Muslim or Christian which are further divided ▪ Muslims – Sunni, Shia, and Druze ▪ Christians – Maronites are largest of the Christian groups in the country  Muslims are the majority religious group in Lebanon

 Lebanon’s Civil War & Today  After independence – Christians and Muslims shared power ▪ Certain government positions were held by different religious groups ▪ Example: President was always a Maronite  Cooperation broke down, tensions mounted  Many Palestinian refugees flooded into Lebanon  Ethnic and religious groups armed themselves and fights broke out  1970s – 1990  Beirut – capital, badly damaged  Industry – food processing, textiles, chemicals, cement, and jewelry-making

 Jordan  Short history full of conflict  Few resources  Powerful neighbors  History & Government  Created after WW1  Controlled by British and named Arab prince as the monarch  1940s – fully independent  Population was small ▪ Nomadic or semi-nomadic life ▪ Many Palestinian Arab refugees moved here  King Hussein ruled  Democratic reforms in the 1990s

 Jordan’s People & Resources  Many are Bedouins – Arabic speaking nomads who mostly live in the deserts of SW Asia  Resources – phosphates, cement, and potash  Farmers grow fruits, vegetables and raise sheep and goats  Water shortage is a concern  Banking and tourism are important  Relies on economic aid from oil-rich Arab nations and the US  Amman – largest city and capital

Friday, April 11 HAPPY BIRTHDAY… Shiva Medler - 1 On Saturday … Jack Kastor – 7 Cierra McFerrin - 7 Asia Unit ▫Southwest and Central Asia  Chapter 18, Section 1 – The Arabian Peninsula  Read Chapter 18, Section 1 with a partner  Complete the vocabulary and notes independently Homework: ▫Quiz on Thursday, April 17

 Saudi Arabia  Bahrain  Qatar  UAE  Yemen  Oman  Iran  Iraq

 The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Iran make up a mostly desert region with very valuable oil resources.  Read Chapter 18, Section 1 and complete the notes independently.