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NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors of the photographs, quotes, and other materials that they contain. Thank you, Vicki Hughes

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON The Appendicular Skeleton The bones that allow movement. Assignment: CH 5 p #1-12 Assignment: CH 5 p #1-12

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Shoulder Joint Scapula – shoulder bone Clavicle – “collar bone” Braces arm away from thorax and helps prevent shoulder dislocation. Acromioclavicular Joint – site of many injuries Sternoclavicular Joint – site where clavicle fits into sternum 159

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Arm Forearm Arm: one bone Humerus Head of humerus Forearm: two bones Radius Ulna

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Bones of the Hand Metacarpals are numbered 1-5 starting with thumb. Each hand contains 14 phalanges

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Girdles

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pelvic Girdle Function: Weight bearing Pubic Arch 162

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pelvic Girdle Sacroiliac joint Pubic symphysis (expands for birthing) FEATURES Pubic arch Greater Sciatic Notch (allows sciatic nerve through) Greater Sciatic Notch (allows sciatic nerve through) Obturator Foramen (allows nerves and blood vessels through) Obturator Foramen (allows nerves and blood vessels through) Sym = together

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pelvic Girdle FEATURES Greater Sciatic Notch (allows sciatic nerve through) Greater Sciatic Notch (allows sciatic nerve through) Acetabulum (where the thigh bone joins the pelvis) Acetabulum (where the thigh bone joins the pelvis) Virtual Hip Replacement Surgery

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON MALE FEMALE Pubic arch angle > 90 o angle Inlet rounded and larger More lateral flare Sacrum shorter Pubic arch angle > 90 o angle Inlet rounded and larger More lateral flare Sacrum shorter Pubic arch angle < 90 o angle Inlet smaller Less lateral flare Sacrum longer Pubic arch angle < 90 o angle Inlet smaller Less lateral flare Sacrum longer

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pelvic bones and Birthing pubic symphysis

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Bones of the Lower Limbs Anterior View Posterior View Anterior View Femur Tibia Fibula Tibial tuberosity Head of femur Greater trocanter Neck of femur Intercondylar fossa Inter = within 164

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Bones of the Foot 165

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Arches of the Foot inMedial Longituda What are Fallen Arches? normal arch pic

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Structural Classification of Joints: Cartilaginous Joints = bones held together by cartilage Fibrous Joints = bones held together by fibers Synovial Joints = articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Functional Classification of Joints: Synarthroses = immovable joints Amphiarthroses = slightly moveable joints Diarthroses = freely moveable joints Amphi = part

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints by Structure Cartilaginous Joints: Symphysis Intervertebral discs Connected by pads of cartilage. Symphysis Pubic symphysis 168 Synchondrosis Rib to sternum

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Suture Joint Immobile 168 Fibrous Joints: Syndesmosis Slightly Mobile Connected by strong fibers

ACL tear & Synovial Joints Knee Surgury Types of Joints based on Structure Synovial Joints: 1.Articular cartilage covers end of bones at joints. 2.Joints are enclosed by fibrous articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane. 3.Capsule contains synovial fluid for lubrication. 4.Capsule is reinforced with ligaments. 170 Knee Structure

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Synovial Joints based on Shape Synovial Joints based on Shape SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint Joints 171

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint Joints

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint Joints

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint Joints

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint Joints

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON SYNOVIAL JOINTS A.Plane joint. B.Hinge joint C.Pivot joint D.Condyloid joint E.Saddle joint F.Ball-and-Socket joint

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Synovial Joint Dislocations: Dis = without

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Joint Diseases and Injuries Bursitis Inflammation of one or more bursa. Also called “water on the knee.” Caused by impacts resulting in tissue damage. bursa

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Sprains involving ankle syndesmoses Most common sprain. Desmo = band Ankle Sprains

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Inflammatory Disorders of Joints Arthritis = general term for over 100 different diseases Arthro = joint Itis = inflammation 173

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Joint Diseases and Injuries Osteoarthritis (OA) Most common. Chronic. Affects elderly most. “Wear and Tear” arthritis. Affects articular cartilages. Extra bone tissue called bone spurs. Bone spurs Osteo = bone Virtual Knee Surgery:

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Chronic inflammation. Onset: yrs 3x women:men Symmetrical (right and left joints affected at same time) Autoimmune disease

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Osteoporosis Loss in bone mass leading to thin, fragile bones. affair-jupiterhotel.com thal_type/intro.htm

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System APPENDICULAR SKELETON Skeletal Joints/Articulations Gout Uric Acid accumulation in blood. Deposited as needle-like crystals in joints.

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System Development of the Skeleton Ossification Replacement of fibrous or cartilagenous tissue with bone. 174

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System Skull Differentiation Difference in growth rate for various parts of the skull change the overall shape of the skull.

CHAPTER 5B The Skeletal System Development of the Skeleton Overall Differentiation Changes in various parts of the skeleton at different ages.

Any Questions? Skeletal System Laboratory Practical

1. Be able to label the shoulder and pelvic girdles. 2. Be able to label the arm and hand. 3. Describe the anatomy of the “funny bone” in your elbow. 4. Be able to distinguish between male and female pelvic girdles. 5. Be able to label the parts of the lower appendage and foot. 6. Explain “fallen arches.” 7. What are the four structural classifications of joints? List and describe them. 8. What are the four functional classifications of joints? List and describe them. 9. Be able to identify a cartilaginous joint and identify it as either a symphysis or synchondrosis. 10. Be able to identify a fibrous joint and identify it as suture or syndesmosis. 11. Be able to label a synovial joint (knee in particular). 12. Be able to identify 6 types of synovial joints and know where they can be found. 13. Describe bursitis of the knee. 14. Decribe 3 types of ankle sprains. 15. Distinguish between osteoarthritis (using the knee as an example) and rheumatoid arthritis. 16. Distinguish between gout and ossification. 17. Distinguish between skull differentiation and overall differentiation.