What does it do? Breaks down food and drink into smaller pieces so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. Common problems/injuries? Heartburn (acid reflux), ulcers, gallstones, IBS, constipation, Crohn’s disease

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum

What does it do? Sensory neurons take information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the brain. Motor neurons carry messages away from the brain and back to the rest of the body. Common problems/injuries? Brain tumors, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, concussions, meningitis, mental illnesses, migraines

Central Nervous System Cerebrum – 85% of the brain, controls thinking, long- and short- term memory. Cerebellum – located at the back of the brain, controls balance. Spinal Cord – connects neurons to the brain The Nervous System Is divided into 2 sections

Peripheral Nervous System Made up of huge network of interconnecting neurons across the body. Cranial Nerve – effects motion and feeling in the face. It does not pass through the spinal cord.

What does it do? It helps regulate and maintain various body functions making and releasing hormones. Common problems/injuries? Diabetes, thyroid disorders ENDOCRINE = HORMONES

Pituitary Gland“Master Gland”; controls all endocrine glands HypothalamusControls metabolism and homeostasis Thyroid GlandRegulates metabolism Parathyroid GlandControls calcium in blood and bones Adrenal GlandControls metabolism and stress responses Pinal GlandRegulates wake/sleep cycle Reproductive GlandsControls sex hormones PancreasAids in food digestion and controls blood sugar levels

What does it do? Supplies the blood with oxygen. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This gas exchange is how we get the oxygen to the blood. Common problems/injuries? Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia

Nasal cavity is lined with…  Cilia ~ which filter the air  Mucous Membrane ~ which moistens the air  Blood Capillaries ~ which warm the air

G H I A – Lungs B – Alveoli C – Nasal Cavity D – Mouth E – Trachea F – Diaphragm G – Epiglottis H – Bronchia I – Pharynx

What does it do? It circulates blood through the body. This is our “blood pressure,” which is the contraction and relaxation of our heart muscle. Systole = Contraction Diastole = Relaxation Normal Blood pressure is 120 / 80 Common problems/injuries? Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, angina, aneurysm, arrhythmia

The heart is divided into 4 chambers, right ________________ and ____________________ and the left ______________________ and _________________________. Oxygen-poor blood, ____________ blood, circulates to the right side of the heart, it is sent to the _______________ to get __________________. The _______ blood is then sent back to the left side of the heart to be circulated back through the _______________. atriumventricle atriumventricle blue lungs oxygenred body

What does it do? It transports fluids throughout the body. The vessels carry proteins to the lymph nodes, which are filled with white blood cells that kill bacteria and other pathogens, before sending the protein back into the body. Common problems/injuries? Lymphedema, lymphoma, cancer LYMPHATIC = IMMUNE SYSTEM

We have lymph nodes all throughout our body, what is the largest one? LIVER

Skeletal System What does it do? Provides shape to the body Gives muscles a place to attach Protects certain organs Common problems/injuries? Sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations

Do Do you know how many bones we have in our body? 206 How many bones can you label?

Terms associated with the skeletal system: Joint – point at which 2 bones come together Dislocation – one bone pulls out of a joint Ligaments – attach bone to bone at a joint Sprain – a pull or tear in a ligament Tendons – Attach muscle to bone at a joint Strain – a pull or tear in a tendon or muscle Cartilage – cushion between the bones at a joint

What does it do? Movement Creates heat Provides protection for the joints Common problems/injuries? Strains, pulled muscles, cramps

How do muscles work together to cause movement? The muscles work in pairs to keep your body moving. When one muscle contracts ( shortens ), the other one relaxes ( lengthens ). Ex… The biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair to bend and straighten the arm ( flexion and extension ).

Deltoids Pectorals Bicep Abs Quadriceps Triceps Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings Gastrocnemius How many muscles can you label? Trapezius

Many of the body systems depend on other body systems in order to function properly. What would be an example of this?