December 2, 2014  Objective:  To describe various skin diseases  To differentiate between types of bones  To understand long bone structure  Journal: What are the names of three bones in the human body?

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Types of Bones  Long Bones  Short Bones  Flat Bones  Irregular Bones

Long Bones  Longer than they are wide  Found in your arms and legs

Short Bones  Fairly equal in width and length  Found in your wrists and ankles

Flat Bones  Thinner bones that can be either flat or curved, but plate-like  Examples: Skull, ribs, breastbone

Bone Anatomy

Periosteum  Tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers the bone  Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves  Acts as an anchor point for tendons and ligaments

Regions of the Bones  Diaphysis - The middle of the bones between the two ends  Epiphysis - the ends of the bones

Medullary Cavity  Hollow region within the diaphysis (middle of the bone)  Storage area for bone marrow

Bone Marrow  Yellow Marrow: high in fat content  Can be converted into red bone marrow in emergencies when massive amounts of blood are lost  Red Marrow: produces red blood cells

Bone Tissues  Compact bone tissue  Spongy bone tissue

Compact Bone Tissue  Dense, hard tissue  Composes the stem of long bones and the outer layer of other bones

Compact Bone Tissue Parts  Osteons (Haversian Systems) - have mature bone cells (osteocytes) that form concentric circles around blood vessels  Run parallel to each other so enough oxygen and nutrients can get to the bone cells  Protein fibers, calcium and other minerals fill the area around the osteocytes

Spongy Bone Tissue  Made up of trabeculae  An irregular arrangement holes between tissues give it a spongy look

Spongy Bone Tissue Parts  Endosteum: connective tissue similar to periosteum lines the spongy tissue  Helps make bones weigh less  Provides space for red bone marrow

December 8, 2014  Objective:  To describe and observe the various surface structures of bones  Journal: What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Bone Surface Structures

Head  An articulating end of a bone that is rounded and enlarged and on top of a neck

Condyle A large, rounded knob usually articulating with another bone, does not have a neck

Epicondyle  An enlargement near or superior to a condyle

Facet  A small, flattened area that helps connect to another bone

Crest  A narrow ridge

Process  A prominent projection

Spine  A sharp projection

Trochanter  A larger version of a knoblike projection only in the femur

Tubercle  A knoblike projection

Foramen  A passageway through a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments; a hole

Fossa  Either a groove or a shallow depression

Meatus  A tube or tunnellike passageway through a bone

Sinus  A hollow area