Table of Contents

Lessons 1. Basic Body Structure Go Go 2. Disease and Immunity Go Go

Table of Contents  Anatomy  Physiology  Body structures are organized into levels

Table of Contents  Cells  Functions of life

Table of Contents  Cell membrane  Cytoplasm  Nucleus

Table of Contents  Organelles  In addition to the nucleus, important organelles include: ▫Mitochondria ▫Ribosomes ▫Endoplasmic reticulum ▫Centrioles ▫Golgi apparatus ▫Lysosomes

Table of Contents  Metabolism  Anabolism  Catabolism

Table of Contents  Mitosis  Supports the growth and maintenance of cells  Cells go through the process at different rates.

Table of Contents  Steps in mitosis

Table of Contents  Meiosis  23 chromosomes  Zygote

Table of Contents  Tissue  Four major groups of tissue: ▫Epithelial ▫Connective ▫Muscle ▫Nervous

Table of Contents  Organ  System

Table of Contents  The major body systems include: ▫Integumentary system ▫Skeletal system ▫Muscular system ▫Nervous system ▫Sensory system ▫Cardiovascular system ▫Lymphatic system ▫Respiratory system ▫Digestive system ▫Urinary system ▫Endocrine system ▫Reproductive system

Table of Contents  Keeping a state of balance in the body  Must preserve a balance of fluids, temperature, oxygen, electrolytes, and nutrients for survival.

Table of Contents  Systems must work together in order to support human life  Problem in one system may have effects on other systems

Table of Contents  Atrophy  Hyperplasia  Metaplasia  Dsyplasia  Neoplasia

Table of Contents  Formed when cells divide in an unusual way and an abnormal and uncontrolled growth occurs  Two types of tumors: ▫benign tumor ▫malignant tumor

Table of Contents  Common sites of cancer include: ▫Mouth ▫Lungs ▫Breast ▫Colon ▫Uterus ▫Bone marrow  Warning signs and treatment vary with the area affected. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Table of Contents  Body’s ability to resist invaders and diseases they cause  Two general types: ▫Natural immunity ▫Acquired immunity

Table of Contents  Some diseases that affect other animals normally do not affect human beings.  Body systems work together to provide defenses against invaders ▫physically ▫chemically

Table of Contents  Natural acquired immunity  Artificial acquired immunity  Passive acquired immunity  Active acquired immunity