In order to live animals need energy. Some animals get the energy they need to live from eating plants and other vegetation. Some animals get their energy from eating other animals. Some animals eat both plants and other animals.

Animals that eat plants are called Herbivores. Herbivores have evolved to eat plants. They have specialized teeth and stomachs to enable them to get the energy they need from plants.

Animals that eat other animals are called Carnivores. Carnivores have evolved to eat meat. They have specialized teeth and stomachs to enable them to get the energy they need from the bodies of other animals.

Animals that eat plants and meat are called Omnivores. Humans are omnivores. Omnivores have teeth and stomachs that enable them to eat and digest both plants and meat.

Food webs show what eats what in order to gain the energy it needs to live. Food webs use arrows to show what eats what. Eaten by:

Nearly all food webs start with a green plant. Green plants are called producers because they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Animals are consumers. Some consume plants to get the energy they need to live. Others consume other animals.

Animals that are eaten by other animals are called prey. Some prey animals are herbivores. Some omnivores and carnivores are also prey to other animals.

Animals that eat other animals are called predators. Some animals are predators and prey. This means they eat some animals but are eaten by others. The top predator that is prey to no other animal is called an apex predator. (Ex: lion, python, bear, orca, bald eagle, fox, coyote, cheetah.....)

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Autotrophs (auto = self) use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

Heterotrophs do NOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Photosynthesis Pls include on Notes…in empty blank  …sorry left off! Starting Materials ProcessProducts  Energy (sunlight)  Carbon Dioxide  Water The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food  Sugars  Oxygen

Cellular Respiration Starting Materials ProcessProducts  Sugars  Oxygen The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy  Energy (ATP)  Carbon Dioxide  Water

HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER: IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC? WHAT ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?

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iness/2014/02/05/subway-fast-food- chemicals-in-food/ / iness/2014/02/05/subway-fast-food- chemicals-in-food/ /

Carbohydrates (Sugar/Starches) Lipids (Fats) Proteins Water, vitamins and minerals are NOT a source of energy, BUT are also necessary for an organism to function Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes

Minerals and Vitamins These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes. Minerals: (not made by living things) Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teeth Iron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen. Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in muscle and nerve fibers Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin

Carbohydrates Energy rich C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other –Starch – potatoes, rice –Cellulose – make up plant cell walls Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy

Lipids (Fats) Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates Store energy Protect internal organs Insulate the body

Proteins For tissue growth and repair (muscle!) (brain) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Can be used for energy, but not as typical

Lipid Molecules (Fats) Protein molecule Carbohydrate molecule (Sugar)

HOMEWORK: Please read the label, illustrate product (hand drawn or clip art) and complete the required form for the following: 2 beverages 1 meat product 2 snacks 1 frozen food 2 canned foods 2 boxed foods

NUTRITION FACTS Serving Size: Servings Per Container: Amount Per Serving Calories _____ Calories from Fat ______ % Daily Value Total Fat _______ _______ % Saturated Fat _______ _______ % Trans Fat ______ _______ % Cholesterol _______ _______ % Sodium _______ _______ % Total Carbohydrates ________ _______ % Dietary Fiber _____________ _______ % Sugars ________ _______ % Protein _________ _______ % Vitamins &/or Minerals Present: ____________________________________________