ADP, ATP, and Cellular Respiration

What is ATP? Energy Used by all cells Adenosine Triphosphate

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking off one Phosphate. This requires and enzyme called ATPase ATP Hydrolysis

ATP Needs to Be Re-made and Recycled To do this, and another enzyme called ATP synthase is used to reconnect a phosphate. ATP Synthesis

ATP is Made During Cellular Respiration Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s Cell Respiration happens in three stages

Glycolysis Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic ( Does NOT use Oxygen) Requires input of 2 ATP molecules Splits Glucose into to molecules of Pyruvate Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 molecules of pyruvate. (Energy Carriers)

Glucose

Glycolysis ATP No Oxygen Oxygen Aerobic Respiration Fermentation ATP

Fermentation Occurs when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic) Lactic Acid Fermentation in muscle cells (tired muscles)- converts pyruvates to lactic acid. Alcohol Fermentation converts pyruvates to ethyl alcohol. (basics of wine and beer) Produces 2 ATP’s

Glycolysis ATP No Oxygen Oxygen Aerobic Respiration Fermentation ATP

Stages of Cellular Respiration When Oxygen is present! The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

The Mitochondria

Endosymbiosis Theory The theory of endosymbiosis proposes that the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells descended from ancestors of infection-causing bacteria.

Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle If Oxygen is present Pyruvate enters the mitochondria Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce 2 ATP Produces 2 ATP’s, 3NADH, and 2 CO2

Electron Transport Chain Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane when oxygen is present. 34 ATP and H2O produced Uses NADH and e- from glycolysis and Krebs cycle to create ATP’s and H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s