Presentation of practical lessons on environmental sanitation for the 4th year 8 - semester

Chair: communal hygiene and health Subject: Methods of identification of pollution sources and study their influence on the ponds, water and public health. Method of determining the sanitation water discharge into the pond

PURPOSE OF ACTIVITY  - To teach students by identifying the sources of pollution in water bodies.  -- To teach students the impact of pollution on human health.

Water - the main source of life !!!

The student should know:  - value and the law governing the relationship of man to man, society and the environment.  - know the criteria of ecological and hygienic assessment of environmental objects.  - features of the organization and conduct of sanitary and epidemiological measures to mitigate the adverse effects of risk factors on health and the environment.

purification plant

The student should be able to:  - to carry out the current sanitary supervision on controlled municipal facilities.  - perform visual, laboratory and instrumental, computational methods for determining the hygienic assessment of environmental factors.  - To carry out sanitary inspection of supervision and make the appropriate accounting and reporting documentation.  - Application of the basic provisions of the legislation on the protection of public health, environmental protection practice.

River is the main source of water supply

Educational-targeted questions  1. The main sources of pollution of public waters.  2. as a result of the sanitary survey which identified the sources of pollution of water bodies.  3. When the sanitary survey of pollution sources, together with some organizations working.  4. Method of study of the incidence of human settlements.  5. Major issues cards sanitary survey.

Content lesson  Contamination of fresh water - getting various pollutants in the water of rivers, lakes and groundwater. Occurs by direct or indirect contact with contaminants in water in the absence of adequate measures for the treatment and disposal of hazardous substances.  In most cases the pollution of fresh water remains invisible because pollutants dissolved in water. But there are exceptions: foaming detergents, as well as floating on the surface of oil and raw sewage. There are several natural pollutants. Are in the land of aluminum compounds fall in freshwater reservoirs as a result of chemical reactions. Floods washed out of the soil meadows magnesium compounds which cause great damage to fish stocks.

Water transfer factor of multiple infectious diseases

 certain contribution to the increase in the concentration of heavy metals in water and make acid rain. They are capable of dissolving minerals in the soil, which leads to an increase in the water content of heavy metal ions. With nuclear power plants in the water cycle fall radioactive waste.

 process  disinfection

 However, the volume of natural contaminants is negligible compared to the man-made. Every year in the basins fall thousands of chemicals with unpredictable effects, many of which are new chemical compounds. In the water can be detected by elevated concentrations of toxic heavy metals (such as cadmium, mercury, lead and chromium)

, pesticides, nitrates and phosphates, oil, surfactants (PAVA), drugs and hormones, which also can fall into drinking water. As you know, each year in the seas and oceans gets up to 12 million tons of oil.

contaminated water

 Discharge of untreated wastewater into water sources leads to microbiological contamination. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of diseases in the world are caused by improper quality and unsanitary water. In rural areas, water quality problem is particularly acute - about 90% of the rural population in the world is constantly used for drinking and bathing with contaminated water.

Sources of pollution:  Pollutants are released into fresh water in different ways: as a result of accidents, deliberate dumping of waste, spills and leaks.  Rapid contamination of groundwater around the city. Source - a growing number of wells contaminated due to improper usage.  Forestry and outdoor drainage - the source of much of the substance into a fresh water, especially iron, aluminum and cadmium. With the growth of trees, forest soil acidity increases and heavy rains to form highly acidic waste water harmful to wildlife.

 Once in the river, the slurry can cause serious environmental disaster, as the concentration is 100 times greater than that of wastewater treated at wastewater treatment plants.  Air pollution is especially harmful freshwater. There are two types of pollutants: coarse (ash, soot, dust and liquid droplets) and gases (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide). All of them - the products or industrial / agricultural activity. When a raindrop these gases combine with water to form the concentrated acid - sulfuric acid and nitric acid

CSES bodies responsible for water quality indicators

 An addition, farmers in England and Wales each year into the soil of 2.5 million tons of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and some of these fertilizers enters into fresh water. Some of them - persistent organic compounds that enter the food chain and cause environmental problems. Today in the UK production of coagulation organochlorine compounds produced in large numbers in the 1950s.  All major threat to freshwater reservoirs represent effluents discharged fish farms, due to widespread use of pharmaceuticals to combat diseases of fish.

 Rapid contamination of groundwater around the city. Source - a growing number of wells contaminated due to improper usage.  Forestry and outdoor drainage - the source of much of the substance into a fresh water, especially iron, aluminum and cadmium. With the growth of trees, forest soil acidity increases and heavy rains to form highly acidic waste water harmful to wildlife.

Heavy metals  Lead is found in fresh water in a dissolved form. One of the sources of lead contamination - fishing sinkers that are constantly thrown at line entanglement. From lead suffer swans, swallows Georgia together with algae. He remains in the stomach of birds, gradually dissolving and causing their death. "Broken neck" (when the muscles can not hold long neck birds, and as a result she is slowly dying of hunger) is a sign of lead poisoning. Other heavy metals, cadmium, penetrates into the freshwater environment affects fish, and through them is ingested

Determining the level of pollution  On pollution may indicate features such as dead fish, but there are more sophisticated methods of detection. Contamination of fresh water is measured in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - that is, how much oxygen absorbs contaminants from water. This indicator provides a measure of oxygen starvation aquatic organisms

Water sampling

The use of new technology. he method of "Round Table". The method is used for fastening materials classes. Divide the group into small groups of 2-3 people, each MG offer sheet with questions and ask for 1-2 minutes. Write the answer to the question and then pass another piece of MG and MG to take from another the following questions, etc. Thus, if arrange 5 mg (2 students at the same table), the teacher distributes 5 questions and ultimately each piece should be 5 replies. After 12 minutes, the teacher collects all sheets, analyzes the quality of the answers aloud and inserts evaluation of each MG. MG receives the highest score in which the 5 correct answers (chorus) 4 answer (Satisfactory) and 3 response (Unsatisfactory) - less than 2 correct answers.

The structure of the water molecule

test questions  1. Sources of waste water and their features  2. What questions include maps sanitary survey open water  3. What is solved as a result of health examination  3. Where can I obtain preliminary data on pollution sources  4. which contains all the identified sources of pollution  5. where the planned sanitary and topographic survey  6. Natural and artificial construction of biological treatment of wastewater.  7. Hygienic requirements conditions descent wastewater.

 "Summary:  1. "Health" under the guidance of prof. Demidenko NM T  2. Guide to laboratory work on communal hygiene Goncharuk EI Moscow 1990  3. Sh.T.Otaboev, T.I.Iskandarov, G.T.Iskandarova "Kommunal hygiene" Tashkent 2010 th.  4 "Kommunal gigienadan Amal mashgulotlar Uchun ukuv  kullanma. "Edited by Academician Iskandarova TI T. 2006y  5. "Communal Hygiene" E.I.Goncharuk Kiev in 2007 I, II part References:

 - GT Iskandarova "Regional san. gig. problems of protection of water sources "water inpatient population of Uzbekistan. T  - Health rules and regulations of planning and building of settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan  - Sanitary norms of admissible levels of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies  - Sanitary rules of design and maintenance of cemeteries  - Health rules and regulations and the optimum allowable building density residential areas of cities of Uzbekistan Further Reading

continuation  - Health rules and regulations design of residential houses in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan  - Health rules and regulations setting up and maintaining public toilets  - Hygiene requirements for institutions, organizations, companies and individuals involved in the disinfection activities  - Health rules and regulations for the use of mobile phones  - Lecture materials.

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