US Priorities for New and Renewable Energy Technologies Cary Bloyd Argonne National Laboratory APEC Expert Group on New and Renewable Energy Technologies Shanghai, China October 13-15, 2003

2 The EERE Mission Directly Supports the National Energy Policy The Mission of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is to strengthen America’s energy security, environmental quality, and economic vitality through public-private partnerships that: P promote energy efficiency and productivity; P bring clean, reliable, and affordable energy technologies to the marketplace; and P make a difference in the everyday lives of Americans by enhancing their energy choices and quality of life

3 EERE fulfills its mission through the pursuit of 3 objectives Objective 1: Modernize conservation. EERE energy efficiency programs constitute the majority of Federal efforts to improve the energy performance of the American economy by improving the productivity with which we use energy in our homes, vehicles, factories, and energy production and delivery systems. –Reduce U.S. energy intensity by 29 percent in 2020, compared to expected reductions of 26 percent without EERE Conservation programs. –Complete the weatherization of 753,000 low-income households from 2003 through 2008.

4 Objective 2: Increase energy supplies Accounting for some 9 percent of domestic energy production (including hydropower), America’s vast domestic renewable energy resource base provides substantial opportunity for increasing and diversifying domestic production. EERE focuses on promoting technological improvements necessary to allow the private sector to develop these domestic resources. –Through public-private partnerships, increase renewable energy production by 70 percent in 2020, compared to an increase of 28 percent without EERE programs, including provision of about 22 percent of the expected 240 GW of additional electricity capacity installed between 2005 and 2020 with the EERE portfolio.

5 Objective 3: Modernize our critical energy infrastructure EERE’s portfolio employs an integrated supply and demand systems approach to reducing the stress on our Nation’s energy infrastructure by reducing peak demand for energy, developing on-site energy resources, and improving the efficiency with which energy is provided and distributed. Through public-private partnerships, help ensure the adequacy of our electricity generation and transmission system through the development by 2020 of: –56 GW of distributed generation (compared to 38 GW without EERE programs) and technologies facilitating an improvement in the operating efficiency of existing transmission capacity. –Demand and load management techniques and practices which allow an approximately 9 percent reduction in the expected 949 GW projected peak electricity demand, and provide the opportunity to reduce peak loads on an emergency basis.

6 EERE has Identified the Following Priorities* 1. Dramatically reduce or even end dependence on foreign oil. 2. Reduce the burden of energy prices on the disadvantaged. 3. Increase the viability and deployment of renewable energy. 4. Increase the reliability and efficiency of electricity generation, delivery and use. 5. Increase the efficiency of buildings and appliances. 6. Increase the efficiency/reduce the energy intensity of industry. 7. Create the new domestic bioindustry. 8. Lead by example through the government’s own actions. 9. Change the way we do business *FY 2004 Budget-in-Brief (

7 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Funding Summary by Program

8 The Development of Hydrogen was made a US Priority in 2003 This $1.2 billion Hydrogen Fuel Cell Initiative was announced by President Bush in his 2003 State of the Union Address Combined with the FreedomCAR (Cooperative Automotive Research) initiative, President Bush is proposing a total of $1.7 billion over the next five years to develop hydrogen-powered fuel cells, hydrogen infrastructure and advanced automotive technologies.

. Distributed Generation Transportation Biomass Hydro Wind Solar Geothermal Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Oil With Carbon Sequestration HIGH EFFICIENCY & RELIABILITY ZERO/NEAR ZERO EMISSIONS Why Hydrogen? It’s abundant, clean, efficient, and can be derived from diverse domestic resources.

10 FY 2004 Hydrogen Production Funding ($38.5M) Renewables – $17.3 million (EERE) Direct water splitting using solar energy Thermal processes using biomass Advanced electrolysis from wind power Biological WGS Processes Nuclear – $4 million (NE) High temperature chemical cycles for splitting water Coal – $5 million (FE) Separation of pure hydrogen gas from synthesis gas (CO and hydrogen) Technologies also applicable to biomass feedstocks Natural Gas – $12.2 million (FE/EERE) Small, distributed systems to begin making hydrogen available at local refueling stations Centralized Production Energy Independence Through Diversity of Domestic Supplies DOE Offices of Fossil Energy, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy are collaborating on cost-shared hydrogen production R&D:

11 Baseline Hydrogen work has been completed National Hydrogen Energy Vision document National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap Fuel Cell Report to Congress Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan Planned activities for (Draft 6/3/03)