WESTERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTER

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Presentation transcript:

WESTERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTER SCADA - Communication Abhimanyu Gartia DY GENERAL Manager WESTERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTER MUMBAI

COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA Communication media should have: * High Reliability * High Availability * Rapid Response * Transparency * Economy * Flexibility * Maintainability

Load Despatching Facilities in India 31 SLDCs, 5 RLDCs, 1+1 NLDC Wideband speech and data communication Common database in SLDC/RLDC Load Despatching Facilities in India New Delhi Katwariasarai NLDC Main NLDC Backup Kalcutta Golf Course Road PG FO Comn VSAT Commn 10 Sec WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC ERLDC NERLDC 2 Sec SLDC AP SLDC KAR SLDC AS SLDC TR 2 Sec ULDC Commn Sub LDC C Sub LDC W Sub LDC V KPTCL ABB 10 Sec RTU A RTU A RTU X RTU C RTU X

(Industrial IDS Rules) Complete Solution Firewall MONITORING, REPORTING, DATA GATHERING AND DATA ARCHIVING FROM EVERY SECURITY SYSTEM COMPONENT Industrial Defender Console Corporate LAN Internet Router/Firewall Industrial Defender Guard PERIMETER PROTECTION WS Test/QA Industrial Defender HIDS/RHIDS Remote HMI Industrial Defender NIDS HOST SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING NETWORK SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING Performance=rendimiento, wydajność DMS/SCADA Other Systems Security Audit System Design Installation Commissioning Life Cycle Support (Industrial IDS Rules) Historian 4

Secure Access to Electrical Substations

POSSIBLE COMMUNICATION Data on different Protocol IEC 60870-5-101 IEC 60870-5-104 IEC 61850 Modbus OPC server IT interface Scheduling Data wear housing Web interface PMU interface

(Industrial IDS Rules) Complete Solution Firewall MONITORING, REPORTING, DATA GATHERING AND DATA ARCHIVING FROM EVERY SECURITY SYSTEM COMPONENT Industrial Defender Console Corporate LAN Internet Router/Firewall Industrial Defender Guard PERIMETER PROTECTION WS Test/QA Industrial Defender HIDS/RHIDS Remote HMI Industrial Defender NIDS HOST SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING NETWORK SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING Performance=rendimiento, wydajność DMS/SCADA Other Systems Security Audit System Design Installation Commissioning Life Cycle Support (Industrial IDS Rules) Historian 7

Secure Access to Electrical Substations

Scan Cycles All the analog data are scanned every 10/12 seconds Status information are reported by exception All status information are scanned for integrity check every 10 minutes The SOE datas are time stamped at 1 ms resolution Time synchronisation is done every 10 minutes

Modes of Communication PLCC Leased Telephone circuits Microwave Communication Fibre Optics Communication Satellite Communication

PLCC High voltage lines themselves are used as communication links. Carrier Frequency: 50-300 KHz. 3 channels are used generally: Main-Channel -> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Telemetring- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz Protection-Channel-I -> Teleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz Protection-Channel-II (Backup-Protection)->

PLCC Advantages: High reliability All channels are available for dedicated use by power-utility alone Disadvantages: Cost of insulating communication equipment is high High noise level due to Corona High speed data-transfer not possible because of Bandwidth limitations.

Applications of PLCC Voice Communication Fascimile Transmission Tele-Protection Tele-Metering

Types of Couplings 3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax, tele-protection and tele-metering to the high-voltage transmission line: Phase-to-Ground Coupling Phase-to-Phase Coupling Inter-Line Coupling

PHASE-TO-GROUND COUPLING STATION-A LMU ES LA DC CC WT PLCC PANELS STATION-B PLCC PANELS ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor

PHASE-TO-PHASE COUPLING WT WT WT WT STATION-B STATION-A CC CC CC CC LMU LMU LMU LMU DC LA ES LA DC ES BT BT PLCC PANELS PLCC PANELS ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor BT=Balancing Transformer

INTER-LINE COUPLING STATION-B STATION-A BT BT WT WT CC CC CC CC LMU DC LA ES LA DC ES BT BT PLCC PANELS PLCC PANELS ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor BT=Balancing Transformer

Microwave Communication Line-of-sight communication Requires repeaters at 50-60 kms. Intervals Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of power utility Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected by maintenance or faults on the power lines Suffers from multipath-fading effect In India, WPC (wireless planning & co-ordination) wing has assigned 2.3-2.5 GHz and 2.8-5 GHz bands to power sector usage.

Digital Microwave Systems

Leased Telephone Circuits Simple solution, no need to develop own dedicated communication facility by power utility Availability of this mode of communication at remotely located substations is the deciding factor

Fiber-Optic Communication Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter Relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak Receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal INPUT Analog/Digital Interface Voltage to Current converter Light Source Source to Fiber Interface Optical Fiber Current to Voltage converter Analog/Digital Interface OUTPUT Fiber to Light Detector Interface Light Detector

Fiber Optic Communication Advantages: The ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity than either copper wire or coaxial cable. Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater distances The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, including lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in direct contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines. POWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication: OPGW (optical ground wire cable) ADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable) WRAP AROUND

Fibre Optic Systems

INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOG NETWORKS OPGW PLCC FODP OLTE VOICE CARD 2 MB/S ADD DROP MUX DATA CARD 2 MB/S MICROWAVE RADIO TERMINAL

OPGW OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces shield wires • Provides lightning protection • Provides communication • Lightning short circuit damage • Installation requires long term outage • Expensive • Superior performance

ADSS F.O ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which is mounted at various locations, typically 3 to 10 meters below the phase conductors. ADSS costs less than OPGW Higher fiber count than Wrap type. Can be installed on towers not designed for shield wires. Suitable for hot line installation

WRAP AROUND F.O Wrap-type which is wound around shield wires and, in some instances, around energized conductors Hot-line installation is difficult Cost more than ADSS, but less than OPGW Need a shield wire No operation problem is observed

OVERHEAD CABLES FOR POWER UTILITIES OPGW WRAP ADSS

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION OPGW WRAP AROUND ADSS AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION A geostationary satellite is used as an active repeater. Modulated signals are send from earth VSATs in 6 GHz band to the satellite. Signals are beamed back to earth in 4 GHz band. Roundtime propagation delay of 540ms exists Communication is interrupted during eclipses.

Lingasugur

Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC Peramballur Echengodu Tanjore 230 Erode Sub-LDC (Erode) Chennai Sub-LDC (NLC TS-I) Pugalur Trichy 400 Trichy 230 Samayapuram Madurai North Paramakudi Madurai Sub LDC Sivagangai Karaikudi Podukotta C Adanakottai Orthonadu Kovilvenni Thiruvarur Madurai 400 Existing RTU – 9 nos. Existing RTU integrated New RTUs – 13 nos. TTPS Theni Kayathar E Kodayar PH2 Sembatti Sathur PLCC Link MW Link Pariyar PH Tuticorin Auto S R Pudur

WR-SC&C Communication system SLDC GOA WR-SC&C Communication system WRTCC Asoj GEB Sector Gotri SLDC WRLDC Haldarwa Jambuva Borivalli Vav Asoj Kalwa Kalwa Mapusa Vadodara POP Ponda Tarapur 1&2 Haldarwa Jambuva Asoj Tarapur 3&4 Kakrapar Kawas ILA-387 Phadge Gandhar Indore Boiser Vapi Indore Sub-LDC LEGENDS Bhopal-400 Sub-LDC Green - ULDC Wideband Link OPGW ILA-174 BLUE - PDT Link U/G – OFC Dehgam Bina-400 Leased Link MPSEB Sector Black - PLCC Link Itarsi Both Main and Std. By Data PLCC Channel St. By Data PLCC Channel Itarsi-220 Khandwa Main Data PLCC Channel 62 Nos. PLCC Equipment Rajgarh 109 Nos. Wideband ULDC Eqpt Satna-220 SEB’s Wideband Equipment and OFC ILA-311 Katni-220 Raigarh CSEB Sector Gwalior Jabalpur-220 Seoni Sipat Korba-East Bhadrawati SLDC- Jabalpur Korba-West Bina CSEB Sector Bhatapara Satna Bhilai-220 Jabalpur-400 Bhilai-400 (SLDC) Korba STPP Raipur ILA-362 ILA-194 V’chal ILA-368 ILA-702 Itarsi Dhule Phadge B’Vati Raipur KR-13 Vindhyanchal Chandrapur

COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA Chalakudy T. North Kozhikode -B Kannur-B Kalamassery Pallom Kayamkulam Kundra Paripally Trivendrum North Vidyuthi Bhavanam RSCC,Bangalore (Udumalpet) Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery) COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA MW Link FO Link