CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter 1 Introduction Asst. Prof. Dr. Mongkut Piantanakulchai Email: mongkut@siit.tu.ac.th

Learning Objectives Scope and inter-relationship of transportation engineering other fields of study The transportation system as a functional system of the society Modes of transportation Institutional structure Role of civil engineering in transportation CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.1 Transportation Engineering: Scope Application of scientific principles Planning Design Operation Management Focus to “Transportation Systems” Multi-disciplinary Physics and mathematics background CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Learning Objectives Scope and inter-relationship of transportation engineering other fields of study The transportation system as a functional system of the society Modes of transportation Institutional structure Role of civil engineering in transportation CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.2 The Transportation System Transportation as a functional system that provides a service – the movement of goods and people from place to place CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.2.1 Scope and Functional Organization The transport functional system consists of the following components Physical facilities Fleets Operating bases and facilities Organizations Facility-oriented organizations Operating-oriented organizations – carriers Operating strategies CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

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1.2.2 Objectives and Constraints Objectives/Motivations of transport investment Military, Political Road network by Romans and Napoleon German autobahns built by Hitler in 1930s Intercontinental railroads in US Economic Provide “Time and Place Utility” – The value of goods depends on where and when they are there CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.2.2 Objectives and Constraints Two conclusions about Transport and Economy High economic activities require adequate transport infrastructure Value of transport depends on the value of goods transported or activities performed by passengers at destinations – “transport as a secondary good/service”; “demand for transport is derived demand” CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.2.2 Objectives and Constraints Transport constraints by public policy Environmental impact Evaluation of impact Specific rules what can or cannot be done CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Learning Objectives Scope and inter-relationship of transportation engineering other fields of study The transportation system as a functional system of the society Modes of transportation Institutional structure Role of civil engineering in transportation CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.3 Modes of Transportation Modes = Kinds of transportation (not so clear definition) Modes are distinguished by Physical characteristics – highway, rail, air, and water transportation Organizational characteristics – mass transit (highway+rail) Other schemes – urban/rural/intercity, freight/passenger, etc. CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Table 1.1 Mode Classification Scheme Freight Passenger Urban Truck (highway) Private auto (highway) Transit (highway/rail) Intercity Rail Ocean shipping Inland water Pipeline Air Bus (highway) Special purpose Conveyor belt Cable systems CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Descriptions of effectiveness of transport modes Accessibility – cost of getting to and from the mode Mobility – speed or travel time Line-haul speed/travel time Door-to-door speed/travel time Productivity – measure of the total amount of transportation per unit of time Total amount of transportation – product of volume of goods or passenger carried and distance Examples: ton-miles/year, passenger-km/day CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Descriptions of effectiveness of transport modes Transportation costs Capital costs Right-of-way costs Construction costs Vehicle costs Operating costs – day-to-day expenditures Fuel/energy costs Labor costs Expendable parts (vehicles) Maintenance of facilities/ equipment CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Transport Markets Passenger Freight Urban Intercity Short (<160 km) Medium (160-800 km) Long (>800 km) Freight Bulk freight (low value per unit weight or volume) General cargo (manufactured goods) CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Highways Dominant transport mode in most countries High accessibility Low door-to-door travel time Moderate line-haul speeds Moderate capital cost High operating cost High environmental impact (air pollution) CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Urban Transit Buses Street cars Light Rail Transit (LRT) Rail Rapid Transit Paratransit Jitneys (shared taxi) Dial-a-ride Characteristics Mostly serve passengers Urban Transit Markets Choice riders Captive riders Speed Same as automobiles if road space is shared High if dedicated right-of-way (LRT, rail) with stations are far apart Accessibility– depends on spacing of stations CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Urban Transit Characteristics Capacity: high Capital costs: high Operating costs: moderate; operating cost/trip is normally higher than fare (need subsidization) Environmental impact: Lower than auto CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Air Transport Air transport system Commercial airlines Airfreight carriers General aviation (private aircraft) Market: for long distance travel (inter-city, international) Speed –high line-haul speed Accessibility –limited but not significant Capacity –moderate Productivity –high due to long distance and high speed CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Air Transport Capital cost – high Operating cost –high But high productivity made moderate cost/trip (fare) Environmental impact – noise impact CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Rail Intercity rail –Amtrak system in US Market – intercity passengers & freight (mostly bulk cargo), with moderate trip length Speed and Accessibility –moderate Long door-to-door travel time if mode transfers are needed (loading/unloading) New system to save time: Unit trains, piggy back (truck trailer on flat cars) CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Rail Capital cost –high Operating cost – operating cost/ton-mile is low (fuel efficient) but normally high other administrative costs Environmental impact –low CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Water Water transport systems Ocean and coastal Inland waterways Market: mainly for intercity and international freight Speed and accessibility –low Capacity –very high CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Water Capital cost –high Operating cost – operating cost/ ton-mile is very low Environmental impact –relatively low, oil spills from tankers CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Pipelines Market – crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas Speed –low Capacity –high Capital cost –pipeline, pumping stations Operating cost – very low (pumping costs) Environmental impact –low during operation but care should be taken to construction impact CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Learning Objectives Scope and inter-relationship of transportation engineering other fields of study The transportation system as a functional system of the society Modes of transportation Institutional structure Role of civil engineering in transportation CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Other modes: Large scale pneumatic tube systems Source: http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/fall94/p94au21.htm CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.4 Institutional Structure In the United States Federal agencies – Under USDOT FHWA FRA FTA FAA State governments State highway departments State departments of transportation Local governments (city, county) Metropolitan regions MPOs COGs CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

Source of funding User charges – fares, tolls General fund revenue – regular taxes Private investment Cross-subsidization –Ex. gasoline tax revenue or tolls to subsidize public transit CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.5 Civil Engineering Involvement in Transportation Physical civil engineering System engineering CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1-2 CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-2 CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction

1.6 Careers in Transportation Engineering: What makes it attractive? Interact with public and other profession Contribute to the need of society Contribute to the protection and enhancement of the environment Involve in the application of advanced technology – Ex. Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Work outdoors Own a business or work in management CES 341 Transportation Engineering and Planning Chapter1: Introduction