Do Now What is blood pressure? How do we measure blood pressure? What is blood pressure? How do we measure blood pressure?

Blood Pressure Blood Pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels It is the force that keeps blood circulating between heartbeats Blood pressure is measured in the large systemic arteries near the heart Blood Pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels It is the force that keeps blood circulating between heartbeats Blood pressure is measured in the large systemic arteries near the heart

Effects of various factors on blood pressure

Factors that effect blood pressure There are several factors that effect blood pressure The two biggest are cardiac output and peripheral resistance Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out from the heart at any given time Peripheral resistance is the amount of friction encountered by the blood as it flows through the various vessels of the cardiovascular system There are several factors that effect blood pressure The two biggest are cardiac output and peripheral resistance Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out from the heart at any given time Peripheral resistance is the amount of friction encountered by the blood as it flows through the various vessels of the cardiovascular system

Factors of peripheral resistance There are many factors that can effect peripheral resistance The most common are vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and atherosclerosis. Increased blood volume or blood viscosity (thickness) will also change resistance There are many factors that can effect peripheral resistance The most common are vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and atherosclerosis. Increased blood volume or blood viscosity (thickness) will also change resistance

Neural Factors:The autonomic Nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system has little to no effect on blood pressure It is the work of the sympathetic nervous system that causes vasoconstriction The parasympathetic nervous system has little to no effect on blood pressure It is the work of the sympathetic nervous system that causes vasoconstriction

Neural Factors:The autonomic Nervous system Ex: When you stand up and blood pools in the legs and feet the sympathetic nervous system sends signals to pressoreceptors in the large arteries of the neck and chest Ex: When you stand up and blood pools in the legs and feet the sympathetic nervous system sends signals to pressoreceptors in the large arteries of the neck and chest

Renal factors:Kidneys Kidneys are responsible for conserving water and salt The source of water for the body is mostly in the bloodstream When pressure is high the body will produce more urine to lower the pressure and vice versa Kidneys are responsible for conserving water and salt The source of water for the body is mostly in the bloodstream When pressure is high the body will produce more urine to lower the pressure and vice versa

Other factors There are a few other factors that also change blood pressure These include temperature, diet, and chemicals (drugs) There are a few other factors that also change blood pressure These include temperature, diet, and chemicals (drugs)

Temperature In general cold weather will create a vasoconstriction effect. This is why cold compresses are recommended to prevent swelling of a bruised area. In general heat will have a vasodilation effect. In general cold weather will create a vasoconstriction effect. This is why cold compresses are recommended to prevent swelling of a bruised area. In general heat will have a vasodilation effect.

Diet Although medical opinion has debated this at large over recent years it is recommended that a diet low in salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol helps to prevent hypertension. Hypertension is high blood pressure. Although medical opinion has debated this at large over recent years it is recommended that a diet low in salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol helps to prevent hypertension. Hypertension is high blood pressure.

Chemicals (Drugs) There are many effects that chemicals or drugs can have on blood pressure Epinephrine will increase both heart rate and blood pressure Nicotine will increase vasoconstriction. Both alcohol and histamine cause vasodilation There are many effects that chemicals or drugs can have on blood pressure Epinephrine will increase both heart rate and blood pressure Nicotine will increase vasoconstriction. Both alcohol and histamine cause vasodilation