Three Sections of the Cell All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce 3 main sections –1) Nucleus –2) Cytoplasm –3) Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell Most organelles float within Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place

Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit Composition: Lipids & proteins Semi-Permeable: only specific materials may enter and exit –Through pores & protein channels

Job: Controls cell activity –Where DNA is found –DNA holds info to make proteins Inside: –1) Chromatin: long strands of DNA –2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

Aka: ER Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

Created by nucleolus –Some attached to ER… some free-floating Transported by the rough ER Job: make proteins

Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell Protein Creation Process Review 1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome 2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER 3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

Golgi Body in action Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow dots) into protective vesicles Vesicle expels the proteins (blue dots) from the cell

Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration Endosymbiosis theory: Mitochondria were once free living organisms that later became parts of modern cells –Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate

Contain digestive enzymes Functions: –1) Break down food –2) Kill bacteria –3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

Used in movement Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

That one magical night, sperm cells swam with the aid of a flagella!

Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments Swells & shrinks with H 2 O supply Plant cells: Large central vacuole (as pictured) Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells Job: Adds support to growing plants Made of tough cellulose –Hard to digest Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665 Cell membrane

Job: Perform photosynthesis CO 2 + H sunlight  Sugar + O 2 Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar) Endosymbiosis theory: Chloroplasts were once free living organisms that later became parts of modern cells –Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate

Kobe Kuiz 1)Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function. 2)Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm. 3)Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation. 4)List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis. 5)Name two organelles that plant cells have an animal cells do not. 6)Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells? 7)Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar? 8)Which organelle creates ribosomes? 9)Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? 10)Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?