3.2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division – –aids in cell movement

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information (DNA) Nuclear envelope –double membrane, encloses nucleus Nucleolus-makes ribosomes

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. Maze of enclosed spaces, interior called lumen Production of proteins and lipids occur inside and on surface Folds allow it to fit within the cell

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum – –smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. Protein synthesis takes place in ribosome Ribosome proteins have a specific function and differ from those made elsewhere in the cell

3.2 Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus Proteins come here from the E.R. Closely layered stacks of membrane- process sort and deliver proteins Additional proteins can also be made here and changes can also be made to existing proteins

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials. Divide material in the cell and transport from place to place Formed and Recycled as needed

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Produces ATP which is required by all cells Bean shaped Has its own DNA & ribosomes Double membrane Convert food molecules to usable energy

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Contain water, food, inorganic ions, enzymes Central vacuole is on plant cells only-keeps plant from wilting

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. Defend cell from invading bacteria and viruses Break down damaged or worn out cell parts, its membrane prevents it from damaging necessary cell parts

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – – 2 Centrioles use their spindle fibers to attach to DNA and pull when cell divides – –Centrioles form cilia and flagella. – –Motion of cilia and flagella force liquid past cell

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support. Only in plant cells Gives protection and support and shape to plant Composition varies depending on each cell type and its needs

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy in the process called photosynthesis Thylakoid sacs contain chlorophyll which gives plant green color Has its own ribosomes &DNA